Learn in the textbookAdvanced Authentication Methods and Payment Authentication
Definition3-D Secure 2.0 (3Dセキュア2.0) is EMV 3-D Secure called by its version number; it assesses risk from device and transaction data and asks for an extra check only on transactions it rates as high risk.
ExplanationThe earlier version (1.0) made shoppers type a fixed, pre-registered password on every payment, which was a chore and led some to abandon their purchase. In 2.0, the card issuer assesses risk from the device in use and the purchase details and history, and lets ordinary-looking transactions through without asking the shopper for anything. Scaling the strength of the check to the size of the risk in this way is called risk-based authentication (リスクベース認証).
AnalogyIt is like changing a checkpoint that stops every car into one that pulls over only the cars that look out of the ordinary.