Learn in the textbookBiometric Authentication and Authentication Accuracy Metrics
DefinitionVein pattern authentication (静脈パターン認証) is a biometric method that reads the shape of the veins running inside the palm or finger and matches it against the registered shape to confirm identity.
ExplanationBiometric authentication (生体認証, also called バイオメトリクス認証) confirms identity from features of the body or of behavior, and it is the third family alongside methods based on something you know and something you have. Veins lie under the skin and are hard to see from outside, so the device shines near-infrared light and uses the shadow shape it captures. The device judges how closely the captured shape matches the registered data and accepts the user when the match meets the threshold.
AnalogyJust as blood vessels show through as shadows when you hold your hand up to a bright light, the device photographs the map of vessels inside your hand and compares it.
Memory hookVeins are vessels beneath the skin, so unlike fingerprints, which leave marks on surfaces, they cannot be lifted from things you touch.