問83
頻出度★☆☆
HTML に関する記述のうち, 適切なものはどれか。
平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問83
テクノロジ系アルゴリズムとプログラミング › その他の言語
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 83
Incorrectア
This mixes up the protocols. The protocol used to transfer a document written in HTML from a web server to a browser is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol). FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol dedicated to file transfer. It is used in situations such as uploading an HTML file you have created to a web server in order to publish it, but it does not play the role of delivering the page to the browser when the page is viewed.
Incorrectイ
The relationship is reversed. SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), a general-purpose markup language standard, came first, and HTML is one application built on that SGML, with a grammar defined for describing web pages. So it is not that “HTML became the basis for the grammar of SGML”; the correct statement is that “SGML became the basis of HTML”.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to describe the content of web pages. A markup language is a language that embeds “marks (tags)” inside the text itself to show what each part is. In HTML, wrapping content in tags such as h1, p, ul, and table expresses the logical structure of the document: this is a heading, this is a paragraph, this is a bulleted list, this is a table. In addition, linking a document to other documents through hyperlinks made with the a tag is a core function of HTML. The browser interprets these tags and converts them into the layout shown on screen, for example displaying headings large and bold and starting a new line for each paragraph. Choice ウ states exactly these two points, that it is a language for describing web pages and that it expresses things such as the logical structure of a document by means of tags, so it is appropriate as a definition of HTML.
Incorrectエ
This choice also reverses the direction, and in addition it mistakes which language is which. It is XML that was developed by reducing functionality: because SGML was too complex and hard to handle, its specification was simplified to create XML. HTML existed before XML, and it is not a reduced version of XML. Furthermore, the language that redefines HTML according to the grammar of XML is XHTML, not HTML itself.
ここがポイント
- HTML is a markup language for describing web pages. Its tags (h1, p, a, and so on) express the logical structure of the document, such as headings, paragraphs, and links, and the browser interprets those tags and displays the result. The protocol that transfers an HTML document to the browser is HTTP, not FTP (FTP is used for purposes such as uploading to the server).
- Fix in your mind the lineage of markup languages and its direction. HTML was created on the basis of SGML (general-purpose and complex), and XML was created by simplifying that same SGML. Redefining HTML according to the grammar of XML gives XHTML. Questions of the form “A became the basis of B” or “A was made by reducing B” typically trap you by reversing the direction of these arrows.
用語