問45
頻出度★★★
ソフトウェア開発で利用する手法に関する記述 a～c と名称の適切な組合せはどれか。 a 業務の処理手順に着目して，システム分析を実施する。 b 対象とする業務をデータの関連に基づいてモデル化し，分析する。 c データとデータに関する処理を一つのまとまりとして管理し，そのまとまりを組み合わせて開発する。
平成22年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問45
マネジメント系ソフトウェア開発管理技術 › 開発プロセス・手法
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 45
Incorrectア
It is wrong in treating a as object orientation and c as the process-centered approach. Statement a only says that it focuses on the processing procedures of the business operations, and it says nothing about bundling data together with the processing (encapsulation), so it is not object orientation. Conversely, c, which says that data and the processing related to that data are managed as a single unit, is the description of object orientation itself, not of the process-centered approach that takes only the processing procedures as its axis. Only b, the data-centered approach, is correct here.
Incorrectイ
All three items are wrong. It treats a as the data-centered approach, but what a focuses on is the processing procedures, not the relationships among data. It treats b as object orientation, but b only says that modeling is based on the relationships among data and never mentions unifying data with processing, so b is the data-centered approach. Treating c as the process-centered approach does not hold either, since c describes handling data and processing together as a single unit.
Incorrectウ
The process-centered approach for a is correct, but b and c are swapped. Statement b, which models based on the relationships among data, is a description that puts data at the center, not object orientation; and statement c, which manages data and processing as a single unit and develops by combining such units, is object orientation, not the data-centered approach. The data-centered approach analyzes only the data structures and the relationships among them, and it does not go as far as unifying processing with data to build parts.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ. Development methods are classified according to what is placed at the starting point (the center) when a system is viewed. Statement a, “performs system analysis by focusing on the processing procedures of the business operations,” breaks the functions down along the flow of the work, that is, along the processing (the process), so it is the process-centered approach. Structured methods that analyze business flows using tools such as DFDs fall into this category. Statement b, “models and analyzes the target business operations based on the relationships among data,” first fixes the data handled in the business and the relationships among that data, and then builds the system on top of them, so it is the data-centered approach. Data modeling with E-R diagrams is the typical example. Statement c, “manages data and the processing related to that data as a single unit, and develops by combining these units,” treats an “object,” which unifies data (attributes) with the processing that handles it (methods), as a part to be combined with others, and this is exactly the definition of object orientation. Therefore a = process-centered approach, b = data-centered approach, and c = object orientation, and the only row that matches this combination is エ.
ここがポイント
- Remember the three approaches to system development by what each one puts at the center: the process-centered approach analyzes with the processing procedures of the business (functions and flows) at the center, using tools such as DFDs; the data-centered approach analyzes with the data handled in the business and their relationships at the center, using tools such as E-R diagrams; and object orientation combines, as parts, objects that unify data with the processing that handles it.
- The keywords for spotting object orientation are “putting data and processing together into one unit” (encapsulation) and “developing by combining those units” (reuse of parts). When these two phrases appear, you can judge that it is object orientation rather than the data-centered approach.
用語