問77
頻出度★☆☆
OSS に関する次の記述中の a, b に入れる字句の適切な組合せはどれか。 OSS の配布に当たっては, 配布先となる個人やグループを制限 [ a ] 。 また, OSS を複製したり改良したりして再配布することは許可されて [ b ] 。
平成22年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問77
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This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 77
Incorrectア
The a part, “must not be done”, is correct, but b becomes “not (permitted)”, which would mean that copying or improving the software and redistributing it is not allowed. This flatly contradicts “free redistribution” and “derived works” in the Open Source Definition and denies the most fundamental nature of OSS itself, so it is wrong.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is イ (a: must not be done / b: (permitted)). The conditions that OSS must meet are set by the Open Source Definition (OSD) established by the OSI (Open Source Initiative). As for a, the OSD contains the item “no discrimination against persons or groups”, so it is not acceptable to pick and choose, and thereby restrict, the individuals or organizations that receive the software. Therefore it becomes “must not restrict”. As for b, the OSD contains the items “free redistribution” and “derived works” (allowing modifications and redistribution based on them), so copying or improving OSS and redistributing it is permitted. Therefore it becomes “is permitted” = “(permitted)”. The option that combines these two, イ, is appropriate.
Incorrectウ
Here a becomes “can be done”, which would mean it is acceptable to restrict the individuals or groups that receive the software. That violates “no discrimination against persons or groups”. Furthermore, b is also “not (permitted)”, making redistribution impossible, so both a and b go against the OSD — a double error.
Incorrectエ
The b part, “(permitted)”, is correct, but a becomes “can be done”, which would allow the kind of selection (discrimination) of not distributing to particular individuals or organizations. The OSD prohibits discrimination against persons or groups as well as discrimination against fields of endeavor, so this a is wrong.
ここがポイント
- The requirements for OSS (Open Source Software) are not only that the source code is disclosed, but that it meets every condition listed in the OSI's Open Source Definition (OSD): free redistribution, permission to modify and to redistribute derived works, no discrimination against persons or groups, no discrimination against fields of endeavor, and so on.
- The essence of OSS is that anyone may use it under the same conditions (the recipients are not screened) and that copying, modification, and redistribution are allowed; note that “being free of charge” and “having given up copyright” are not required conditions.
用語