問63
頻出度★☆☆
XMLで, 文章の論理構造を記述する方法はどれか。
平成22年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問63
テクノロジ系アルゴリズムとプログラミング › その他の言語
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 63
Incorrectア
In XML, double quotation marks are the notation used inside a start tag to enclose an attribute value (in the form attribute-name=“value”); they play no role in expressing parent-child relationships or hierarchy between elements. Even if you enclose sentences or sections in quotation marks, you cannot show the logical structure of whether it is a chapter or a section and what it is contained in.
Incorrectイ
Separating with commas is the idea behind the CSV (Comma Separated Values) format. It can be used to exchange table-style data in which values are lined up side by side, but it cannot give each individual item a name that shows its meaning, nor can it nest items, so it cannot be used to describe the logical structure of a document.
- ウ
正解 XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language in the same family as HTML. In addition to the data itself, it describes the meaning and structure of “what this part is” by enclosing the part in a pair of a start tag and an end tag. For example, if you write a chapter as <chapter> … </chapter> and a section inside it as <section> … </section>, enclosing them in nested (hierarchical) tags that the user defines, you can express with text alone the logical structure of the document — what parts it is made of and which part is contained in which — and a program can interpret it as well. Therefore ウ, which says to enclose sentences, sections, etc. in tags, is correct.
Incorrectエ
Separating with tabs is the TSV (Tab Separated Values) format; only the delimiter changes from a comma to a tab. As with イ, it is a simple format that merely separates columns, and it cannot express element names or a hierarchical structure.
ここがポイント
- XML is a markup language that encloses elements in a start tag and an end tag and nests them to describe the logical structure of a document (the hierarchy of chapters, sections, and so on). Users can define tag names freely, which is the difference from HTML, whose tags are fixed in advance.
- CSV (comma-separated) and TSV (tab-separated) are flat data formats that merely line up values with a delimiter, and they cannot carry meaning or hierarchy. Quotation marks in XML are symbols for enclosing attribute values, not for expressing structure.
用語