Sさんは,在庫管理システム(以下,システムという)を構築するプロジェクトに参加することになった。 システムの開発計画は,プロジェクトにおける成果物及び完了基準を明確にした上で,作業分割,作業内容定義,作業順序設定,作業期間見積り,スケジュール作成の五つのステップに分けて順に実施される。 (1) 作業分割では,WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)を用いて,成果物の作成作業を細分化する。WBS は,全体の作業を分割し,その構成要素を階層構造として整理したものである。 (2) 作業内容定義では,分割した各作業の成果物と工数を定義する。 (3) 作業順序設定では,作業間の前後関係を決定する。 (4) 作業期間見積りでは,作業の工数を要員数で割ることで,作業期間を求める。 (5) スケジュール作成では,各作業期間を基に開始日と終了日を決定する。 Sさんは,先輩の指導の下で,図に示す WBS によるシステムの作業分割を実施した。 WBSによるシステムの作業分割(図)の階層構造は次のとおり(網掛けの部分は,表示していない)。 - システム - システム要件定義 - (網掛け:表示していない) - サブシステム1 - (網掛け:表示していない) - ソフトウェア方式設計 - ソフトウェア詳細設計 - (網掛け:表示していない) - ソフトウェアインタフェース詳細設計 - 画面設計 - 画面一覧 - 画面フロー - 画面レイアウト - 画面入出力項目 - … - 帳票設計 - 帳票一覧 - 帳票レイアウト - … - データベースの詳細設計 - (網掛け:表示していない) … - (網掛け:表示していない) - (網掛け:表示していない) … - サブシステム2 - (網掛け:表示していない) … - (網掛け:表示していない) S さんは,作業分割の図において,システム要件定義などのシステム開発作業全体にかかわるものをサブシステム1, 2, …と同じ階層に記載するようにと,先輩から指示を受けた。図のシステム要件定義と同じ階層に記載すべき作業として,適切なものはどれか。
平成22年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問89
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
問 89
Incorrectア
A system audit is an activity in which an auditor, from an independent standpoint, inspects and evaluates an information system and the way it is managed, and advises on improvements. What this WBS breaks down is the development work of building the inventory management system and its deliverables, and a system audit is not development work that produces those deliverables. It is not a work item that belongs in this work breakdown diagram in the first place, so it is not work that should be placed at the same level as the system requirements definition.
- イ
正解 A WBS is a structure that divides work into levels by how broad a scope each work item covers, so work items that cover an equally broad scope line up at the same level. In the figure, the second level, below the top level “System”, holds the system requirements definition together with Subsystem 1 and Subsystem 2. The senior colleague instructed that items related to the overall system development work be placed at the same level as Subsystem 1, 2, ..., so what belongs at this second level is work that does not belong to any particular subsystem but covers the whole system. Choice イ, “System integration”, is the work of combining the individual subsystems (software) to build up the whole system and confirming that it operates as a system, so its scope is the entire system. Like the system requirements definition, it covers the whole system, so placing it at the same second level as the system requirements definition is appropriate, and this is the correct answer.
Incorrectウ
Software integration is the work of joining together the multiple components (parts) created within one piece of software (that is, within one subsystem) and confirming that they work together as that software. Its scope stays inside a subsystem, so it belongs to the third level under Subsystem 1, where the software architectural design and the software detailed design are placed in the figure. It is not work that concerns the whole system, so it does not go at the same second level as the system requirements definition.
Incorrectエ
Software coding and testing is the work of writing the programs of each subsystem based on the results of the software detailed design and confirming that they run correctly on their own. This too targets the software of an individual subsystem, and it belongs to the third level alongside the software architectural design and the software detailed design. It does not target the whole system, so it is not placed at the same level as the system requirements definition.
- A WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) divides the overall work and organizes its constituent elements into a hierarchical structure. Which level a work item goes at is decided by how broad a scope that work item covers. In this question, the dividing line between levels is whether the work targets the whole system or the inside of an individual subsystem.
- The first word of a work item name is a clue to its scope. Names beginning with “System” (system requirements definition, system integration, and so on; the system qualification test, which does not appear in the figure, is another such example) refer to work that targets the whole system, while names beginning with “Software” (software architectural design, software detailed design, software coding and testing, software integration) refer to work that targets an individual piece of software, that is, a subsystem.