問43
頻出度★★☆
ソフトウェア開発におけるシステム要件定義において, 業務上の要件が満たされていることを確認するのに適切な者は誰か。
平成24年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問43
ストラテジ系システム企画 › 要件定義
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 43
Incorrectア
An operator in the operations department is the role that, after the system has gone into operation, handles operational procedures such as running jobs, monitoring, and taking backups. They can offer useful opinions on operational requirements such as the time slots for batch runs or the operational workload, but they are not in a position to judge the purpose of the business itself, or whether that business can be carried out as the requirements state. They also have no authority to approve the requirements definition document on behalf of the department, so they are not appropriate as the person who confirms whether the business requirements are satisfied.
Incorrectイ
A programmer in the development department is on the builder’s side, taking the requirements that have been defined and carrying out design and implementation. They can judge technical feasibility and whether the estimated effort is reasonable, but deciding whether the business requirements are correct and whether anything is missing or excessive is up to the user department; it is not something the development side may judge in its place. In addition, judging for oneself whether the very thing one is going to build meets the requirements lacks objectivity, and carries the risk of carrying over one’s own assumptions or misreadings of the requirements unchanged.
Incorrectウ
A system auditor in the audit department has the role of evaluating, from a position independent of the parties involved in development and operations, whether controls and processes are properly established and operated, and of giving advice and recommendations. They may inspect whether the way requirements definition is conducted and the agreement procedures are appropriate, but if they step into the substance of the business requirements and, as a party involved, confirm and approve that “this is fine,” their independence is impaired. They are therefore not appropriate as the person who confirms that the business requirements have been satisfied.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ, “The department head of the user department.” System requirements definition is the process of starting from the business needs (business requirements) held by the user department, defining the functions, performance, and constraints the system must have in order to realize them, and reaching agreement between the ordering side and the development side. What has to be confirmed here is the point “if the system is built exactly as these system requirements state, will our own business operations run and will the business objectives be achieved?”, and the party able to judge this is the one that best understands the content, procedures, and exceptional cases of the business — namely the user department that will actually use the system. Furthermore, the deliverables of requirements definition become the premise for the later design and development processes, and changing them after they are fixed leads to rework and increased cost. So the confirmation must be made not merely by “someone who knows the details,” but by a person with the authority to review the content on behalf of the department and to approve and agree to it responsibly. The department head of the user department satisfies both of these conditions at once (business knowledge and approval authority), and is therefore the most appropriate reviewer and approver of the requirements definition document. The Common Frame and similar standards likewise state that requirements definition is carried out under the responsibility of the user (acquirer) side and is fixed by the agreement of the stakeholders, which also supports this way of thinking.
ここがポイント
- The division of roles in system requirements definition — presenting the business requirements, confirming that they are satisfied, and approving and agreeing to the requirements definition document is the responsibility of the user department (the ordering side); the development department realizes the system, the operations department runs it after it goes live, and the audit department evaluates it from an independent position — each has a different role.
- The two conditions required of the confirmer — being thoroughly familiar with the content and purpose of the business, and holding the authority to agree to and approve the requirements on behalf of the department. Someone who meets both is the right person for the task, and from this viewpoint the department head of the user department is the one selected.
用語