問69
頻出度★☆☆
マークアップ言語では, 画面表示や印刷などを目的に, 文章の内容だけでなく, 文書構造やレイアウト情報, 文字のフォント及びサイズなどを指定する記述を直接埋め込むことができる。このマークアップ言語に分類されるものはどれか。
平成25年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問69
テクノロジ系アルゴリズムとプログラミング › その他の言語
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 69
Incorrectア
CASL is an assembly language for COMET II, a virtual computer defined for the Information Technology Engineers Examination. An assembly language is a low-level programming language in which symbols that correspond one-to-one with machine instructions are lined up to describe the steps a computer performs; it is meant for writing calculations and processing procedures. It has no use at all for embedding tags in a document to specify structure or appearance, so it is not classified as a markup language.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is イ, HTML. A markup language is a language that lets you write marks called tags directly inside the body of a document, so that you can specify the document structure — what each part is (a heading, a paragraph, a table, a bulleted list, and so on) — and also how it should look, such as layout, typeface, and character size. HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, and it is the representative markup language for describing Web pages. For example, ＜h1＞ marks a heading, ＜p＞ a paragraph, ＜table＞ a table, and ＜a＞ a hyperlink; you give the text structure by enclosing it between a start tag and an end tag, and display settings such as font and character size can also be embedded in the same document. A browser interprets these tags in order to show the page on screen or print it, so HTML fits exactly what the question describes: you can directly embed descriptions that specify not only the content but also the document structure, layout information, and the font and size of characters. XML, SGML, and XHTML belong to the same family, all sharing the idea of marking up text with tags. (Note that in today's Web development it is standard practice to separate appearance settings out of HTML into CSS, but that does not change the fact that HTML itself is classified as a markup language.)
Incorrectウ
SQL is a database language for manipulating relational databases (RDB). It is used to define tables (CREATE TABLE and so on), to search, add, update, and delete data (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE), and to control access rights; what it handles is data in table form, not documents. It has no mechanism for specifying layout, fonts, or character sizes for screen display or printing, so it is not a markup language.
Incorrectエ
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the way of writing an address that shows where a resource on the Internet, such as a Web page or a file, is located; it is nothing more than a character string in which a scheme name, a host name, a path, and so on are arranged in a fixed format. It is not a language in the first place, and it has no function whatsoever for describing document structure or appearance, so it does not qualify as a markup language. Its only relationship to HTML is that a URL is written inside HTML when the destination of a hyperlink is specified.
ここがポイント
- A markup language is a language that lets you embed tags directly in the body of a document, so that you can specify both the document structure — headings, paragraphs, and the like — and the appearance, such as layout, font, and character size. The representative example is HTML, used to describe Web pages; others include XML, SGML, and XHTML. Its characteristic is that the data itself and the instructions that give it meaning and presentation can live together in a single file.
- Sort out the confusing three-letter abbreviations by asking what each one is a language for. HTML is a markup language for describing documents; SQL is a database language for manipulating relational databases; CASL is the assembly language (a programming language) for COMET II, the virtual computer used in the examination; and URL is a notation that shows where a resource on the Internet is located, and is not a language at all.
用語