問49
頻出度★★★
システム開発の各工程で実施する内容について, 適切なものはどれか。
平成26年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問49
マネジメント系システム開発技術 › システム開発技術
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 49
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア: In external design, the items of screens and reports are examined. System development generally proceeds in the order planning and requirements definition → external design → internal design → programming → testing → operation and maintenance, and the work handled in each phase is clearly fixed. Among these, external design is the phase that decides the parts visible to the users (end users). Specifically, based on the business requirements settled in requirements definition, it designs the layout and input items of input screens, the layout and printed items of output reports, screen transitions, and the format of data exchanged with other systems. The items of screens and reports are the parts that users directly see and operate, so they must be decided while confirming them with the users, which makes this a typical task of external design. In contrast, deciding the internal processing procedures, module division, and the physical structure of the database needed to realize those screens and reports is the role of the next phase, internal design (detailed design). External design and internal design are separated exactly along this line of “visible from outside” versus “how it is built inside”.
Incorrectイ
Reviewing design documents (in the design phase) and checking on paper (desk checking, desk debugging, in the programming phase) are tasks performed in order to find errors in the deliverables early; they are not the content of the testing phase. The testing phase is where the programs that have been written are actually run, and it is confirmed in the order of unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and operational testing whether they behave as specified. A review in which documents are read through together does not run the program, so it is distinguished from dynamic testing.
Incorrectウ
Having end users actually operate the system to confirm the procedures and whether the business tasks work is part of operational testing (acceptance testing), carried out at the end of the testing phase, or part of the training and migration work done before operation starts. What is done in the programming phase is creating the programs (coding) based on the design documents, and the developers themselves confirming the behavior of individual modules through unit testing; confirmation of operation by users is not included.
Incorrectエ
What is decided in the project execution plan are matters concerning how the project will be carried out: the breakdown of work (WBS), the schedule, the organization and division of roles, cost, and the policies for handling quality and risk. Examining how the internal processing of the system will be realized is work of the internal design (detailed design) phase, not something handled at the planning stage. The plan decides “how to proceed”, while the design decides “what to build and how”, and the two should be distinguished.
ここがポイント
- The phases of system development proceed in the order planning and requirements definition → external design → internal design → programming → testing → operation and maintenance, and the work done in each phase is fixed. The key point is to correctly remember which work corresponds to which phase name.
- Grasp the dividing line: external design is the phase that designs the parts visible to users, such as screens, reports, and input/output data, while internal design is the phase that designs the internal processing and module structure of the system that realize them.
用語