問67
頻出度★☆☆
OSS (Open Source Software) に関する記述 a～c のうち, 適切なものだけを全て挙げたものはどれか。 a ソースコードではなくコンパイル済のバイナリ形式だけでソフトウェアを入手できる方法が用意されていればよい。 b 配布に当たって, 利用分野又は使用者 (個人やグループ) を制限することができる。 c 例として, OS の Linux や関係データベース管理システムの PostgreSQL が挙げられる。
平成26年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問67
テクノロジ系ソフトウェア › オープンソースソフトウェア
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 67
Incorrectア
This option lists only a, but a is not appropriate. For OSS, being able to obtain the source code is an essential condition, and software that can be obtained only in compiled binary form cannot be called OSS. Even when it is distributed as a binary, a means of obtaining the source code must also be provided. It is also wrong in that the appropriate description c is missing.
Incorrectイ
This option lists a and b, but both are inappropriate. a goes against the definition of OSS in that it says no means of obtaining the source code is needed, and b goes against the OSS principle of no discrimination in that it says the field of use or the users may be restricted. It is also wrong in that the appropriate description c is not included.
Incorrectウ
c is appropriate, but this option is wrong because it also includes b. An OSS license does not allow excluding a specific individual or group, nor limiting the field of use with conditions such as “commercial use is not allowed” or “use in the military field is not allowed.” It is a requirement of OSS that anyone, in any field, can use it under the same conditions.
- エ
正解 Only c is appropriate, so the correct answer is エ. OSS (Open Source Software) does not simply mean software that can be used free of charge; it means software that satisfies the condition that “the source code is published, and anyone can freely use, modify, and redistribute it.” Linux, given in c, is a typical example of an OSS operating system, and PostgreSQL is a typical example of an OSS relational database management system (RDBMS). Both have published source code that can be freely obtained, modified, and redistributed, so they are appropriate as examples of OSS. On the other hand, a and b go against the conditions of OSS (a says that publishing the source code is not necessary, and b says that the field of use or the users may be restricted). Therefore, the option that lists all and only the appropriate descriptions is “c” = エ.
ここがポイント
- Essential conditions of OSS: the source code is published and obtainable, and it can be freely used, modified, and redistributed. Being free of charge alone does not make software OSS, and distribution in binary form only does not qualify as OSS.
- An OSS license must not discriminate against or restrict users or fields of use (excluding a specific individual or group, or restrictions such as banning commercial use or limiting it to a particular field, are not allowed). Typical examples are the OS Linux and the RDBMS PostgreSQL, and also Apache HTTP Server, Firefox, and others.
用語