正解The sales amount (column E) is found by “unit price (column B) × quantity sold (column D)”. Entering 「B2*D2」 in cell E2 gives 500×525=262,500, which matches the value of E2 in Figure 1. When copied, relative references adjust automatically, so copying to E3 becomes B3*D3, E4 becomes B4*D4, and E5 becomes B5*D5, correctly computing each row's unit price × quantity sold. Therefore the correct answer is ア, 「B2*D2」.
×Incorrectイ
「B$2*D$2」 uses $ to fix the row numbers, making it an absolute reference, so even when copied downward the reference stays B$2*D$2 and does not move, and E3–E5 all become the soy sauce ramen value 262,500. It cannot calculate each row's sales amount, so it is wrong.
×Incorrectウ
「B2/D2」 is division, not multiplication, giving the unit price divided by the quantity sold, such as 500÷525≒0.95. What is wanted is the sales amount, unit price × quantity sold, so the operation is different and it is wrong.
×Incorrectエ
「B2/D$2」 is first of all wrong because it is division. In addition, D$2 fixes the row of the quantity sold, so even when copied the divisor stays fixed at the soy sauce ramen value 525 — doubly inappropriate.
ここがポイント
Sales amount = unit price × quantity sold. In a spreadsheet the multiplication sign is 「*」 (ア is B2*D2).
A relative reference (B2, D2) has its reference adjusted automatically when copied, so it calculates each row. An absolute reference with “$” stays fixed even when copied, so it is not used for calculations that must change from row to row.