問14
頻出度★★☆
日本工業規格 (JIS) に関する説明のうち, 適切なものはどれか。
平成27年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問14
ストラテジ系法務 › 標準化関連
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 14
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) is a national standard that defines the industrial standards used within Japan, but it is not decided independently: it is established and revised with attention to consistency with international standards such as those of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). Behind this lies the WTO/TBT Agreement (Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade), under which member countries are required to use an international standard as the basis for their national standard whenever such an international standard exists. This is because a gap between a national standard and an international standard would itself become a technical barrier (a non-tariff barrier) to imports and exports. In fact, JIS contains many aligned standards that adopt the content of ISO/IEC directly as national standards, and in the information processing field as well, many terms, character codes, and quality management standards come from international standards. Therefore ア, which says that it is a standard that takes into account consistency with international standards, is appropriate as a description of JIS.
Incorrectイ
Incorrect. JIS is not a mandatory standard imposed by law; in principle it is a voluntary standard (whether to use it is up to each business). Manufacturing or selling a product that does not conform to JIS is not illegal on that ground alone. Displaying the JIS mark is likewise a scheme in which a business certified by a certification body registered with the government displays it voluntarily, so obtaining it is not an obligation. Legal force arises only when an individual law (such as the Electrical Appliances and Materials Safety Act) cites JIS; JIS itself does not contain prohibitions.
Incorrectウ
Incorrect. JIS is not a collection of standards set by private-sector bodies; it is a national standard established by the state. It goes through deliberation by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), in which industry, academic experts, consumers, and other stakeholders take part, and is then established by the competent minister. Standards drawn up independently by private industry associations are called association standards (industry standards), and they sit at a different level from JIS, which is a national standard. Its scope is also not limited to mining and manufacturing products; it extends to the information processing field such as data and programs, to test and inspection methods, and to non-product areas such as symbols and terminology. The statement is inaccurate both about who establishes JIS and about its scope.
Incorrectエ
Incorrect. Criteria concerning the safety of food and pharmaceuticals are outside the scope of JIS. The quality and labeling of food are governed by JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standards) and the Food Sanitation Act, while pharmaceuticals are governed by the Act on Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices. Because JIS and JAS have similar names and are easy to confuse, it helps to memorize them as a pair: JIS = mining and manufacturing products, information processing, and so on; JAS = agricultural and forestry products and food.
ここがポイント
- JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) is a national standard, but it is voluntary rather than mandatory, and against the background of the WTO/TBT Agreement it is drawn up with attention to consistency with international standards such as those of ISO and IEC.
- Distinguish the levels of the standardization hierarchy: international standards = ISO and IEC; national standards = JIS (mining and manufacturing products, information processing, etc.) and JAS (agricultural and forestry products, food); below them come industry standards and in-house company standards.
用語