問3
頻出度★★☆
技術経営における新事業創出のプロセスを, 研究, 開発, 事業化, 産業化の四つに分類したとき, 事業化から産業化を達成し, 企業の業績に貢献するためには, 新市場の立上げや競合製品の登場などの障壁がある。この障壁を意味する用語として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
令和2年度 ITパスポート試験 問3
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 3
Incorrectア
The “Prisoner's Dilemma” is a topic in game theory, describing a situation where cooperation would benefit both parties, yet each side's individually rational choice leads to the worst overall outcome. It has nothing to do with the barriers in the new-business creation process of technology management.
- イ
正解 In technology management (MOT), a new business advances through the stages of research → development → commercialization → industrialization, and between each stage there is a barrier that must be overcome. The barrier that stands in the way at the stage where a commercialized product must reach industrialization and contribute to the company's performance is “the Darwinian Sea.” Here one must overcome the difficulty of launching a new market and the survival competition against existing firms and competing products (fierce competition likened to Darwinian natural selection). The stem's description of “barriers such as launching a new market and the appearance of competing products” points precisely to this stage, so the correct answer is イ.
Incorrectウ
A “firewall” is a security mechanism that separates the inside and outside of a network and blocks unauthorized communication—a defensive facility in information technology. It is not a term that denotes a management barrier from commercialization to industrialization.
Incorrectエ
The “Five Forces” is a framework proposed by Porter that analyzes an industry's competitive environment through five forces (new entrants, substitutes, buyers, suppliers, and existing rivals). It is a method of competitive analysis, not a term for the barrier itself between commercialization and industrialization.
ここがポイント
- The three barriers in the new-business creation process of technology management (MOT): between research and development = “the Devil's River”; between development and commercialization = “the Valley of Death”; between commercialization and industrialization = “the Darwinian Sea.”
- “The Darwinian Sea” denotes the stage of taking a commercialized product to industrialization and establishing it in the market, representing the difficulty of overcoming the launch of a new market and the survival competition with rivals.
用語