問100
頻出度★★★
システムの経済性の評価において，TCOの概念が重要視されるようになった理由として，最も適切なものはどれか。
令和3年度 ITパスポート試験 問100
テクノロジ系システム構成要素 › システムの評価指標
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 100
Incorrectア
The opposite of 'イ': it claims that the proportion of the initial cost relative to the operating cost has increased. If the initial cost accounted for most of the total cost, evaluating only the initial cost would be almost enough, and there would be no motivation to place special importance on TCO, which also includes the operating cost. As an explanation of why TCO came to be regarded as important, this is the reverse, and is therefore wrong.
- イ
正解 TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) is an indicator representing the total cost over a system's entire life cycle, covering not only the initial cost incurred when the system is introduced (such as the purchase cost of hardware and software) but also the operating cost after introduction (maintenance, management, labor, electricity, upgrade costs, and so on). In the past, the economic efficiency of a system was evaluated with a focus on the initial cost, but as systems became more complex and were operated over longer periods, the proportion of the operating cost within the total cost grew larger relative to the initial cost. As a result, true economic efficiency could no longer be judged by looking at the initial cost alone, and it became necessary to evaluate using TCO, which includes the operating cost. Therefore, choice 'イ', which states that the proportion of the operating cost relative to the initial cost has increased, is the most appropriate.
Incorrectウ
This is about the proportion of software costs within the initial cost, which is off-point from the 'initial cost' versus 'operating cost' framing that TCO is concerned with. Even if the breakdown of the initial cost changes, that is not a reason to emphasize TCO, whose point is that the operating cost should also be included in the evaluation. Hence it is wrong.
Incorrectエ
This is about the proportion of hardware costs within the initial cost, which again is merely a breakdown of the initial cost. In fact, hardware prices tend to fall, and it is precisely the increase in the operating cost, which cannot be measured by the initial cost alone, that forms the background to emphasizing TCO. It fails to explain why TCO came to be regarded as important, so it is wrong.
ここがポイント
- TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) = initial cost (introduction and purchase costs) + operating cost (maintenance, management, labor, electricity, etc.); it is an indicator representing the total cost over the entire life cycle.
- TCO is emphasized because the proportion of the operating cost within the total cost has grown relative to the initial cost, so economic efficiency can no longer be correctly evaluated from the initial cost alone.
用語