問18
頻出度★★★
インダストリー4.0から顕著になった取組に関する記述として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
令和4年度 ITパスポート試験 問18
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 18
- ア
正解 Industry 4.0 (the Fourth Industrial Revolution) is an initiative centered on smart factories that make use of IoT and cyber-physical systems (which link real manufacturing equipment with digital information). Its hallmark is “mass customization”: by harnessing diverse IT, it provides products individually customized to each customer’s specifications, at a low cost and short delivery time close to those of conventional mass production. Choice ア states exactly this characteristic, so it is the most appropriate.
Incorrectイ
The shift of light industry from manual work to factory-based mechanized production through the acquisition of steam engine power describes the First Industrial Revolution (from the late 18th century onward); it differs from Industry 4.0 in both era and content.
Incorrectウ
Lowering the cost of mass production still further through automation based on computer control of the manufacturing process corresponds to the Third Industrial Revolution (latter half of the 20th century; computers and automation). This is distinguished from the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s characteristic of individual optimization and connected factories enabled by IoT.
Incorrectエ
The shift of power to electricity and petroleum, together with conveyor-belt mass production of products of the same standard under scientific production management using statistical methods, describes the Second Industrial Revolution (first half of the 20th century). It is mass production of a single standard, the exact opposite idea to the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s individual specifications (customization).
ここがポイント
- Industry 4.0 = the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Its features are smart factories built on IoT and cyber-physical systems, and mass customization that produces individually specified products at low cost and short delivery time.
- Stages of the Industrial Revolution: 1st = steam engine and mechanization; 2nd = electricity/petroleum, scientific management, and mass production; 3rd = automation by computers; 4th = individual optimization by IoT/AI.
用語