問20
頻出度★★★
資本活用の効率性を示す指標はどれか。
令和5年度 ITパスポート試験 問20
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 会計・財務
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 20
Incorrectア
The operating profit margin on sales (operating profit ÷ sales) is a “profitability” indicator showing how much profit can be retained relative to sales; it cannot measure efficiency, namely how efficiently capital is turned over, so it is incorrect.
Incorrectイ
The equity ratio (equity ÷ total capital) is a “safety (financial soundness)” indicator showing the proportion of equity that need not be repaid within total capital; it does not express the efficiency of capital utilization, so it is incorrect.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ, “Total capital turnover ratio.” It is calculated as “sales ÷ total capital” and shows how much sales were generated using the invested capital (total capital), that is, how many times the capital “turned over.” The higher the turnover ratio, the more sales are achieved with less capital, meaning the capital is used more efficiently, so it is exactly the indicator that expresses the “efficiency of capital utilization.” Financial indicators are broadly classified into profitability, efficiency, and safety, and turnover-type indicators (total capital turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio, etc.) cover efficiency.
Incorrectエ
The break-even point ratio (break-even sales ÷ actual sales) is a “safety / break-even” indicator showing how much margin there is relative to the break-even line that decides whether a profit is made; it is not an efficiency indicator, so it is incorrect.
ここがポイント
- Financial indicators are broadly divided into “profitability (profit margins),” “efficiency (turnover ratios),” and “safety (equity ratio, break-even point ratio).”
- Total capital turnover ratio = sales ÷ total capital. The higher the value, the more sales are achieved with less capital, indicating better efficiency of capital utilization.
用語