問15
頻出度★★★
事業運営における意思決定の迅速化, 組織の独立採算の推進を目的とし, 一つの企業の中に事業領域ごとに独立した組織を設置する組織形態はどれか。
令和7年度 ITパスポート試験 問15
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 15
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア (company-system organization). A company-system organization sets up, within a single company and for each business domain, independent units called companies, and runs each of them like an independent in-house company. Because profit-and-loss responsibility (independent accounting) and decision-making authority are largely delegated to each company, it directly matches the two aims stated in the question: speeding up decision-making and promoting independent profit-and-loss accounting. Its characteristic is that it takes the divisional structure even further, operating each unit as a quasi-independent company by means such as setting internal capital, which is consistent with the description in this question.
Incorrectイ
A functional organization divides departments by function, such as manufacturing, sales, development, and accounting. It excels at concentrating expertise, but it does not create independent accounting units for each business domain, and profit-and-loss responsibility tends to be borne company-wide as a whole, which does not match the question's wording of for each business domain and independent accounting.
Incorrectウ
A project organization is a temporary organization formed by gathering members from various departments to accomplish a specific objective (a project), and it disbands once the project is complete. It is not a permanent, independent-accounting organization set up for each business domain, which differs from the permanent business-organization form the question calls for.
Incorrectエ
A matrix organization combines two axes, such as functional division and business (or project) division, crosswise, so that a single person belongs to multiple chains of command at once. Because the command lines are doubled, decision-making tends to become more complex instead, which does not match the question's wording of speeding up decision-making and establishing independent organizations for each business domain.
ここがポイント
- Company-system organization = an organizational form that treats each in-house business unit like an independent company, delegating profit-and-loss responsibility and decision-making authority in order to promote independent accounting and speed up decision-making.
- In questions about identifying organizational forms, distinguish each form by its organizing axis (by function or by business) and its purpose (concentrating expertise, independent accounting, or carrying out a temporary project).
用語