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平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問94

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問94
頻出度★★★

フィットネスジムに勤める A さんは,会員管理システムのデータを基に,PC のデータベースソフトを利用して,利用状況の分析を行うことにした。図 1 に示す構造をもつ会員管理システムの会員表及び入館表から,20 代 ~ 50 代の会員についてのデータを 1 か月分取得した。 図1 会員表及び入館表のデータ構造 - 会員表:会員番号,会員名,性別,年齢 - 入館表:会員番号,日付,入館時刻 利用状況の分析を始めるために,取得した会員表及び入館表から図 2 に示す構造をもつ会員利用分析表を作成した。 図2 会員利用分析表のデータ構造 - 会員利用分析表:会員番号,会員名,性別,年齢,日付,入館時刻 作成した会員利用分析表のデータを基に,表に示す性別年代別利用者数一覧を作成した。人数は延べ人数であり,1 か月間の利用回数を表している。 表 性別年代別利用者数一覧

性別年代人数(人)
男性20 代56
男性30 代114
男性40 代227
男性50 代295
男性小計692
女性20 代100
女性30 代215
女性40 代348
女性50 代227
女性小計890

表の性別年代別利用者数一覧の分析として, 適切なものはどれか。

出典 平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問94
解説

問 94

  • Incorrectア

    Women in their 30s number 215 and men in their 40s number 227, so 215 < 227 and the women in their 30s are actually fewer. Because the two figures are close, judging by impression easily leads to a mistake, but comparing the values in the table directly shows that this option is inappropriate.

  • Incorrectイ

    Comparing genders within the same age group, women are more numerous through the 20s (women 100 > men 56), the 30s (women 215 > men 114), and the 40s (women 348 > men 227), but in the 50s women 227 < men 295, so men are more numerous. The claim that this holds in every age group does not stand, so the option is inappropriate. The female subtotal of 890 exceeding the male subtotal of 692 does not mean that women are more numerous in every single age group.

  • ウ

    正解 The correct answer is ウ. The table is a cross-tabulation table that crosses gender with age group, so first decide “along which axis you are comparing” and then read it. Here, for each gender, look for the maximum value vertically (among the age groups). For men the figures are 56 in their 20s, 114 in their 30s, 227 in their 40s, and 295 in their 50s, so the largest is the 50s (295 people). For women the figures are 100 in their 20s, 215 in their 30s, 348 in their 40s, and 227 in their 50s, so the largest is the 40s (348 people); the key point in reading the table is that only for women does the number turn downward in the 50s. Therefore ウ, which says that men have the most users in their 50s and women in their 40s, matches the table exactly. The subtotals also work out to 56+114+227+295=692 for men and 100+215+348+227=890 for women, just as in the table, confirming that the totals are consistent.

  • Incorrectエ

    It is correct that men are most numerous in their 50s (295 people), but for women the largest figure is the 40s (348 people), and the 50s drops to 227. Saying that both men and women peak in their 50s contradicts the table, so this option is inappropriate.

ここがポイント
  • When reading a cross-tabulation table (gender × age group), making the direction of comparison clear is fundamental. If you mix up comparing age groups within the same gender (a vertical comparison) with comparing genders within the same age group (a horizontal comparison), you will judge whether an option is true or false incorrectly.
  • When an option contains universal or superlative expressions such as “every”, “both”, or “the most”, a single counterexample makes it wrong. Build the habit of mechanically checking every cell of the table to verify such statements.
  • The cumulative count (the total number of uses during one month) is not the actual number of members. The subtotal is a simple sum over the age groups, and checking whether the totalled value matches the breakdown in the table makes it easier to notice mistakes in reading.
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