問2
頻出度★★★
A社, B社の売上高及び営業利益のグラフの説明として, 適切なものはどれか。 単位 億円
| 年 | A社売上高 | B社売上高 | A社営業利益 | B社営業利益 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006年 | 1,000 | 600 | 400 | 180 |
| 2007年 | 1,100 | 880 | 450 | 300 |
| 2008年 | 1,200 | 1,200 | 500 | 430 |
平成22年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問2
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 業務分析・データ利活用
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 2
Incorrectア
This choice reverses both points, the growth rate and the profit margin. The sales growth rate is ＋20％ for Company A (1,000→1,200) and ＋100％ for Company B (600→1,200), so saying that Company A is the higher one is wrong. Also, the operating profit margin on sales in 2008 is 500÷1,200≒41.7％ for Company A and 430÷1,200≒35.8％ for Company B, so Company A is the higher one and saying that Company A is lower is wrong too. If you look only at the fact that sales stood level at 1,200 for both companies in 2008 and overlook how each of them got there (Company A from 1,000, Company B from 600), this choice is easy to pick.
- イ
正解 This figure is a combination chart that overlays a bar chart (the sales of the two companies) with a line chart (the operating profit of the two companies). The values you can read off are: Company A sales of 1,000 in 2006 / 1,100 in 2007 / 1,200 in 2008 (hundred million yen), Company B sales of 600 / 880 / 1,200, Company A operating profit of 400 / 450 / 500, and Company B operating profit of 180 / 300 / 430. Every choice compares the same two points, the sales growth rate and the operating profit margin on sales in 2008, so calculate those two. First, the sales growth rate (2006 to 2008) is 1,200÷1,000＝1.2 times, that is ＋20％, for Company A, and 1,200÷600＝2.0 times, that is ＋100％, for Company B. The increase in amount is ＋200 for Company A and ＋600 for Company B, so both the rate of growth and the amount of growth are larger for Company B, which shows that Company A has a lower growth rate than Company B. Next, the operating profit margin on sales in 2008 (＝ operating profit ÷ sales × 100) is 500÷1,200×100≒41.7％ for Company A and 430÷1,200×100≒35.8％ for Company B. Because both companies have the same sales of 1,200 in 2008, the size of the operating profit (500 versus 430) directly determines which margin is higher, and Company A is the higher one. Therefore イ, which says that the growth rate is lower but the operating profit margin on sales in 2008 is higher, is appropriate. The way to read it is that Company B caught up with Company A by rapidly expanding its sales, while Company A, though it grew only gradually, is ahead in how efficiently it turns sales into profit.
Incorrectウ
It is correct that Company A has the higher operating profit margin on sales in 2008 (about 41.7％ versus about 35.8％), but it is wrong to say that Company A also has the higher sales growth rate. From 2006 to 2008 Company A went from 1,000 to 1,200 (＋20％) while Company B went from 600 to 1,200 (＋100％), so Company B is far ahead on growth rate. You pick this choice if you confuse the fact that Company A's bars (the absolute amount of sales) are always at least as tall as Company B's with having a high growth rate.
Incorrectエ
It is correct that Company A has the lower sales growth rate (＋20％ versus ＋100％), but it is wrong to say that Company A also has the lower operating profit margin on sales in 2008. In 2008 both companies have the same sales of 1,200, so which margin is higher is decided by the size of the operating profit, and Company A's 500 is greater than Company B's 430, which makes Company A the higher one. If you notice only how sharply Company B's operating profit rises on the line chart, from 180 to 430, and neglect to compare the levels at the 2008 point, this choice is easy to pick.
ここがポイント
- Operating profit margin on sales ＝ operating profit ÷ sales × 100 (％). It is a profitability indicator showing how efficiently a company earns profit from its core business relative to its sales, and the key point is that you compare ratios, not the size of the amounts. When the two companies have the same sales, as in this question, the size of the operating profit directly determines which margin is higher.
- Growth rate ＝ (value in the comparison year − value in the base year) ÷ value in the base year × 100 (％). A large absolute amount of sales and a high growth rate are different things: the lower a company's level in the base year, the higher its growth rate comes out for the same increase in amount. Reading the height of the bars (the level) separately from their slope (the growth) is the basic skill for combination-chart questions.
用語