問29
頻出度★★★
業務の流れを, 図式的に記述することができるものはどれか。
平成22年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問29
マネジメント系ソフトウェア開発管理技術 › 開発プロセス・手法
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 29
Incorrectア
An E-R diagram (Entity-Relationship Diagram) is used mainly in database design. It shows entities (an entity is a set of data to be managed, such as customers, products, or orders) and the relationships between entities (one-to-one / one-to-many / many-to-many). What it expresses is the static structure of data, not the temporal flow of which task is carried out in what order. It therefore cannot be used to describe a business workflow.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is “イ UML”. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized set of diagrams used mainly in object-oriented analysis and design, and it can express a system or a business graphically from many different viewpoints. Among these diagrams, the activity diagram can draw the whole series of steps from the start to the end of a task together with the control flow — sequence, branching (splitting according to a condition), and parallel flow (fork and join) — so it can be used directly to describe a business workflow (business flow). By dividing it into lanes for each person in charge or each department (swimlanes), it can also show who performs which task and in what order. UML also has the sequence diagram, which shows interactions between objects along a time axis, and the state transition diagram, which shows changes of state; these too can handle flow and order over time. On the other hand, the use case diagram, which is also part of UML, shows the relationship between users (actors) and the functions the system provides; it is a static diagram and does not express temporal order. In any case, UML is the only choice that can describe a business workflow in diagrammatic form, so the answer is イ.
Incorrectウ
The affinity diagram method is one of the New Seven QC Tools. A large amount of verbal data (opinions, facts, problems) collected through brainstorming and similar activities is written out on cards, similar items are grouped together and given a heading, and in this way the structure of chaotic information is organized. Its purpose is to grasp the overall picture of a problem by classifying and organizing it. It is not a diagram that shows the order of tasks or branching, so it is not suited to describing a business workflow.
Incorrectエ
A logic tree is a technique that breaks a problem or a cause down by asking “why” and “how” in a MECE way (mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive) and organizes the result as a tree-shaped hierarchy; it is used to dig into causes and to list up possible solutions. What its branches express is the breakdown relationship between a higher-level item and its lower-level items, not the execution order of processing. Because it has no flow of time, it cannot describe a business workflow.
ここがポイント
- Learn the main UML diagrams and the role of each one. Activity diagram = the flow of a business process or of processing (sequence, branching, parallel); sequence diagram = interactions between objects shown along a time axis; state transition diagram = changes of state; class diagram = the static structure of classes and their relationships; use case diagram = the relationship between users (actors) and the functions the system provides. The ones that can express flow and order are the activity diagram, the sequence diagram, and the state transition diagram.
- Diagramming techniques are used differently according to their purpose. An E-R diagram aims at the structure of data, the affinity diagram method at classifying and organizing verbal data, and a logic tree at breaking a problem down hierarchically; none of them is a diagram that shows order. As diagrammatic techniques for showing a business workflow, besides the UML activity diagram there are the flowchart and BPMN, while a DFD (data flow diagram) represents a business from the viewpoint of the flow of data.
用語