This question's explanation and your answers so far.
財務諸表から求められる総資産営業利益率は何%か。 〔貸借対照表〕 単位 百万円
| 流動資産 | 600 | 流動負債 | 400 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 固定資産 | 400 | 固定負債 | 400 |
| 純資産 | 200 | ||
| 資産合計 | 1,000 | 負債・純資産合計 | 1,000 |
〔損益計算書〕 単位 百万円
| 項目 | 金額 |
|---|---|
| 売上高 | 3,000 |
| 売上原価 | 2,000 |
| （網掛け） | 1,000 |
| 販売費・一般管理費 | 700 |
| （網掛け） | 300 |
| 営業外収益 | 20 |
| 営業外費用 | 120 |
| （網掛け） | 200 |
| 特別利益 | 0 |
| 特別損失 | 50 |
| （網掛け） | 150 |
| 法人税等 | 70 |
| （網掛け） | 80 |
注記 網掛けの部分は，表示していない。
20% corresponds to ordinary profit 200 ÷ total assets 1,000 × 100. This mistakenly uses ordinary profit (= operating profit 300 + non-operating income 20 − non-operating expenses 120 = 200) as the numerator, which gives the return on total assets based on ordinary profit. The question asks for the ratio based on operating profit, so the numerator must be operating profit 300.
No combination of “operating profit ÷ total assets” taken from the financial statements yields 25%. It is a distractor that slips in only when the profit stage (operating profit, ordinary profit, etc.) or the denominator is mistaken; it does not match the correct value of 30% obtained from operating profit 300 and total assets 1,000.
正解 The return on total assets based on operating profit is calculated as “operating profit ÷ total assets × 100”. The denominator, total assets, is the “Total assets” figure of 1,000 million yen on the balance sheet. The numerator, operating profit, is shaded (not shown) on the income statement, but it can be reconstructed by subtracting from the top down. First, gross profit = net sales 3,000 − cost of sales 2,000 = 1,000 million yen (matching the displayed 1,000). Next, operating profit = gross profit 1,000 − selling, general and administrative expenses 700 = 300 million yen (matching the displayed 300). Therefore the return on total assets based on operating profit = 300 ÷ 1,000 × 100 = 30%, so the correct answer is ウ.
50% corresponds to operating profit 300 ÷ current assets 600 × 100. This mistakenly uses only current assets 600 as the denominator instead of total assets (Total assets 1,000). The denominator of the return on total assets based on operating profit is the entire assets, namely Total assets 1,000.