This question's explanation and your answers so far.
問5
頻出度★★☆
機械 X と Y を使用する作業 A, B, C があり, いずれの作業も機械 X, 機械 Y の順に使用する必要がある。各作業における機械 X と Y の使用時間が表のとおりであるとき, 三つの作業を完了するための総所要時間が最小となる作業の順番はどれか。ここで, 図のように機械 X と Y は並行して使用できるが, それぞれの機械は二つ以上の作業を同時に行うことはできないものとする。
表 各作業における機械 X と Y の使用時間
In the order A→B→C: Machine X: A 0-8 min, B 8-18 min, C 18-24 min; Machine Y: A 8-18 min, B 18-23 min, C 24-32 min. The total time is 32 minutes, which is longer than choice ウ's 29 minutes and is not the smallest.
×Incorrectイ
In the order A→C→B: Machine X: A 0-8 min, C 8-14 min, B 14-24 min; Machine Y: A 8-18 min, C 18-26 min, B 26-31 min. The total time is 31 minutes, which is longer than choice ウ's 29 minutes and is not the smallest.
○ウ
正解Each job uses machine X first and then machine Y; machine Y can start only after that job's own X step has finished AND the Y step of the previous job has become free. To shorten the total time, the key is to reduce machine Y's waiting (idle) time, which can be found using Johnson's rule. Look at the smallest of each job's X and Y usage times: if the smallest is on the first stage (X), place the job toward the front; if it is on the second stage (Y), place it toward the back. Job C (smallest 6 = X) and Job A (smallest 8 = X) go to the front, and Job B (smallest 5 = Y) goes to the back; the front group is ordered by shortest X first as C→A, so the sequence is C→A→B (choice ウ). Working it out: Machine X: C 0-6 min, A 6-14 min, B 14-24 min; Machine Y: C 6-14 min, A 14-24 min, B 24-29 min. The total time is 29 minutes, the smallest among the four choices.
×Incorrectエ
In the order C→B→A: Machine X: C 0-6 min, B 6-16 min, A 16-24 min; Machine Y: C 6-14 min, B 16-21 min, A 24-34 min. The last job, Job A (Y = 10 min), comes at the end and delays machine Y's finish, so the total time reaches 34 minutes, the longest of the four.
ここがポイント
In flow-shop scheduling where two machines are used in the order X→Y, the job sequence that reduces machine Y's idle (waiting) time minimizes the total time required. You can decide by drawing a Gantt chart and comparing the finish times on Y.
Johnson's rule: if a job's smallest processing time is on the first stage (X), place it toward the front; if it is on the second stage (Y), place it toward the back. Order the front group by shortest X first and the back group by longest Y first to obtain the optimal sequence.