問24
頻出度★★★
需要量が年間を通じて安定している場合において, 定量発注方式に関する記述として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
令和5年度 ITパスポート試験 問24
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 業務分析・データ利活用
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 24
- ア
正解 In the fixed-quantity ordering method, each time the inventory level falls to the order point, the same quantity is ordered every time. What decides how much to order to be most economical is the economic order quantity (EOQ). Making each order larger reduces the number of orders and lowers the ordering cost, but because more inventory is held the inventory holding cost rises; conversely, a smaller order quantity lowers the inventory holding cost but increases the number of orders, raising the ordering cost. The order quantity at which the sum of this ordering cost and inventory holding cost is minimized is the optimal one, namely the economic order quantity. Choice ア states this idea correctly, so it is appropriate.
Incorrectイ
The relationship is reversed. The more orders there are, the smaller each order quantity is and the lower the average inventory, so the storage space needed is actually smaller. The statement that more orders require a wider space is wrong.
Incorrectウ
Ordering on the same fixed cycle, such as every Friday or the end of each month, is a feature of the fixed-period ordering method. The fixed-quantity ordering method does not fix the timing of orders; it places an order when the inventory reaches the order point, so this statement does not apply.
Incorrectエ
Deciding the order quantity each time based on a demand forecast is the idea of the fixed-period ordering method. The fixed-quantity ordering method orders a predetermined fixed quantity (the economic order quantity) every time, so it does not change the quantity by demand forecasting each time; this is therefore wrong.
ここがポイント
- The fixed-quantity ordering method means 'order a fixed quantity when inventory reaches the order point'; the fixed-period ordering method means 'decide the order quantity from a demand forecast at fixed intervals.' Distinguish them by whether the timing is fixed or the quantity is fixed.
- Economic order quantity (EOQ) = the order quantity at which the total of ordering cost and inventory holding cost is minimized. It is determined by the trade-off between order quantity and number of orders.
用語