問9
頻出度★★★
2 人又はそれ以上の上司から指揮命令を受けるが, プロジェクトの目的別管理と職能部門の職能的責任との調和を図る組織構造はどれか。
平成21年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問9
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 9
Incorrectア
A divisional organization sets up divisions by product, region, or customer, and each division handles everything from development to sales and bears profit responsibility. Its chain of command is a single line headed by the division manager, so it does not meet the condition of receiving commands from two or more superiors. Nor is it a grid structure that seeks balance across functional departments.
Incorrectイ
An internal venture organization is a scheme in which a small, highly independent unit is set up inside the company to create new businesses, run separately from the existing organization so that it can move quickly. Its aim is to grow new businesses; it is not a structure centered on a dual chain of command or on balancing responsibilities with functional departments.
Incorrectウ
A job-function organization is the most basic form, with departments organized by work function such as development, manufacturing, sales, and accounting. It is strong at accumulating expertise, but commands come from only one superior in that functional department, a single chain of command, and it has no axis of cross-project management by objective. Think of it as taking only the vertical axis of a matrix organization.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ, Matrix organization. A matrix organization is a structure that crosses a vertical axis of functions (functional departments such as development, manufacturing, and sales) with a horizontal axis of projects (or products or regions) to form a grid. Each member receives commands from two or more superiors: the boss of the functional department they belong to, and the project manager of the project they take part in (the one-man, two-boss system). This lets the project side manage flexibly by objective and by result, while the functional side keeps its accumulation of specialist skills and its functional responsibilities. Only this structure satisfies both conditions in the question at the same time: receiving commands from two or more superiors, and balancing objective-based management of projects with the functional responsibilities of functional departments.
ここがポイント
- Matrix organization = an organization that combines a vertical axis of functions with a horizontal axis of projects (or products or regions) into a grid. Members receive commands from two or more superiors (the two-boss system), so it can achieve both accumulation of expertise and management by objective; on the other hand, overlapping commands easily cause confusion and blur where responsibility lies.
- The keys to telling organizational forms apart are the number of chains of command and the axis by which departments are divided. Job-function organization = divided by function, single chain of command. Divisional organization = divided by product or region with profit responsibility, single chain of command. Matrix organization = two axes crossing, multiple chains of command. Internal venture organization = a small independent unit set up to grow new businesses.
用語