問10
頻出度★★★
キャッシュフローの増加要因となるものはどれか。
平成21年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問10
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 会計・財務
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 10
Incorrectア
Trade receivables such as notes receivable and accounts receivable are the right to collect payment later, so even though sales have been recorded, the cash has not come in yet. An increase in trade receivables means more cash is still uncollected, so it is a factor that decreases cash flow.
Incorrectイ
Investing in equipment and fixtures requires paying cash for the purchase, so it is a negative item in cash flow from investing activities. In accounting terms it is recorded as a fixed asset and the cost is spread out through depreciation, but the cash goes out at the time of purchase, so cash flow decreases.
Incorrectウ
An increase in inventory assets such as product stock means the cash spent on purchasing or manufacturing has not yet been recovered through sales and is instead tied up in goods. The more inventory there is, the more cash is locked up, so it is a factor that decreases cash flow.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ. Cash flow means the increase or decrease of cash over a certain period, and the basic rule is that an increase in liabilities brings cash in, while an increase in assets sends cash out. Short-term and long-term borrowings are liabilities on the balance sheet, so when a company borrows funds from a bank or similar lender, that amount comes in directly as cash on hand. This is a positive item in cash flow from financing activities, so it increases cash flow. Note that borrowed money must be repaid later, so profit (on the income statement) does not increase; but from the cash flow viewpoint, which looks only at cash coming in and going out, it truly is an increase. The key point of this question is that profit and cash are two different things.
ここがポイント
- Rule for judging cash flow (the increase or decrease of cash): an increase in assets decreases cash, while an increase in liabilities or equity increases cash. Trade receivables, inventory assets, and fixed assets are all assets, so when they increase, cash goes down.
- Profit and cash do not match. Borrowing generates no profit but increases cash; conversely, even if sales are recorded, cash does not increase while the amount remains an account receivable (this is the idea behind bankruptcy despite being profitable).
用語