問12
頻出度★★☆
サプライチェーンマネジメントの効果はどれか。
平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問12
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 12
Incorrectア
“Being able to know the product sales information of retail stores and the like in real time” is the effect of a POS system (point-of-sale information management). POS refers to a mechanism that, at the moment a product barcode is scanned at the register, records when, at which store, what was sold and how many, so that the sales situation of each individual item is grasped in real time. The sales information obtained with POS is used as input data for SCM, but in itself it is the effect of collecting information at the point of sale, and it does not describe the effect of SCM, which improves the whole chain from procurement to sales and optimizes delivery time and cost.
Incorrectイ
“Turning knowledge and insights into a database so that they can be effectively utilized in business” is the effect of knowledge management. It refers to the idea of converting the tacit knowledge that individuals hold through their experience into explicit knowledge in the form of documents or databases, and sharing and reusing it across the whole organization, so that it helps to make the quality of work uniform and to develop personnel. What it handles is knowledge inside the organization, so both its purpose and its object differ from optimizing the supply chain, which is the flow of goods.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. Supply chain management (SCM) is a management method that treats the whole series of flows — from the procurement of raw materials through manufacturing, logistics (transport and storage), and sales via wholesalers and retailers, until the goods reach the final consumer (the supply chain) — as one connected whole across the walls between companies and departments, sharing information and managing it from the viewpoint of overall optimization. When each company and each department acts only for its own local optimum, the way demand information is conveyed becomes distorted, and the further upstream one goes the more easily excess inventory or stockouts occur (the bullwhip effect). But if information such as sales results, inventory, and production plans is shared across the entire chain, it becomes possible to send what is needed, when it is needed, in the quantity that is needed. As a result, surplus inventory and storage costs can be cut so that costs go down, and waste in production and delivery can be removed so that the delivery time (lead time) is shortened. Choice ウ says exactly that it “improves the series of processes from procurement, manufacturing, and logistics to sales, thereby optimizing delivery time and cost”, which is the effect of SCM itself.
Incorrectエ
“Being able to respond immediately to various inquiries from customers made through diverse means such as telephone, fax, and email” is the effect of a call center or contact center that uses CTI (computer telephony integration), and of CRM (customer relationship management) that forms its foundation. It unifies the points of contact (channels) with customers in order to raise the quality of response and customer satisfaction, and it belongs to the area of customer service. That is a different thing from the effect of SCM, which describes optimizing delivery time and cost by improving the supply-side processes of procurement, manufacturing, and logistics.
ここがポイント
- SCM (supply chain management) is a method of managing the entire supply chain of procurement → manufacturing → logistics → sales for overall optimization, while sharing information across the walls between companies and departments. Its effects are lower costs through inventory reduction and a shorter lead time (delivery time); the keywords are “a series of processes”, “overall optimization”, and “delivery time and cost”.
- Memorize the confusing management information systems by separating what each of them covers. SCM = optimization of the supply chain (the flow of goods); POS = real-time collection of information on individual items at the point of sale; knowledge management = turning tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge and sharing knowledge across the organization; CRM / CTI = responding to customers through diverse channels and maintaining and improving customer relationships.
用語