問29
頻出度★★★
経営組織のうち, 事業部制組織の説明はどれか。
平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問29
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 29
Incorrectア
This describes an amoeba organization (amoeba management). Instead of building up an elaborate hierarchy, it divides the internal organization into small groups called amoebas, positions each amoeba as one partial function that makes up the whole, and has them act interactively. The reason it is wrong lies in the dividing axis. A divisional structure divides by business units such as product, region, or market and delegates a full set of functions and authority to that division as a package, whereas the unit of division in this statement is only a small group; it does not describe a structure that delegates authority and numerical targets by business unit. In addition, this statement does not contain the profit-responsibility unit, the very element at the core of the divisional structure, and on that point too it cannot stand as a definition of a divisional structure.
Incorrectイ
This describes a functional organization (a job-function-based organization). It divides the internal organization into units that perform the same job function (type of work), such as product planning, purchasing, manufacturing, and sales. It makes specialization easy to build up and avoids duplicated functions, but on the other hand coordination between departments takes effort, and a single department alone has trouble calculating profit. Its dividing axis is job function, not product or market, so it is not a description of a divisional structure. The standard way to remember this is to contrast the divisional structure and the functional organization by “what axis the company is cut along”.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. A divisional structure divides the internal organization into units such as by product, by region, or by market (customer), gives each division a full set of functions from development through manufacturing and sales, and delegates broad authority to it. Its biggest feature is that each division is responsible not only for sales but also for profit: it is treated as a profit-responsibility unit (a profit center), and it is given numerical targets together with that authority. This lets a division head make quick decisions on their own judgment as the market changes, and it also makes the performance of each business easy to evaluate. Choice ウ states both the dividing axis, “divide the internal organization by product or by market”, and the way responsibility and authority are given, “granted authority and goals as a profit-responsibility unit”. That is exactly the definition of a divisional structure, so it is correct. Also keep in mind its drawback: because each division holds duplicated functions such as manufacturing and sales, management resources tend to be duplicated.
Incorrectエ
This describes a matrix organization. An employee belongs at the same time to two different organizational systems, a functional (job-function) line and a product- or project-based line, so that work can be handled flexibly as needed. It has the advantage of allocating people efficiently, but on the other hand an employee has two bosses, so the chain of command tends to become complicated. In a divisional structure an employee belongs to a single division and profit responsibility is borne by division, so the very way of belonging is different; therefore this choice is wrong.
ここがポイント
- Divisional structure = a form that divides the internal organization into units such as product, region, or market, treats each division as a profit-responsibility unit (a profit center), and delegates authority together with numerical targets. Its strengths are faster decision-making and easy performance evaluation by business; its weakness is duplicated management resources, because each division holds its own set of functions.
- Identify a management organization by its dividing axis and by how people belong to it. Divided by job function (planning, purchasing, manufacturing, sales) → functional organization; divided by product or market and made to bear profit responsibility → divisional structure; belonging to two organizational systems at the same time → matrix organization; divided into small groups that interact as partial functions of the whole → amoeba organization.
用語