問34
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトを立ち上げるときに, 最初に行うことはどれか。
平成21年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問34
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 34
Incorrectア
Progress management measures how far actual results have advanced against the plan that was drawn up and corrects any deviation. It is monitoring and controlling work, carried out in parallel with executing. At the point of initiating there is not yet any schedule or budget to serve as the standard for comparison, so it cannot be done; within the process order it comes in the later half, not first.
Incorrectイ
Schedule planning is work in the planning process. Only after the objectives are made clear, the scope is fixed, and the work is identified with a WBS can you estimate the order and the duration of each activity and lay out the dates. You cannot fix the dates first while it has not yet been decided what is to be produced, so this comes after clarifying the objectives.
- ウ
正解 Project management work proceeds in the order of the process groups: initiating → planning → executing → monitoring and controlling → closing. The first thing done in initiating is to make clear what the project is to achieve (its purpose, the deliverables to be completed, and the criteria for success) — that is, ウ, clarifying the project objectives. The IT Passport exam sums this stage up as follows: you create a project charter, which formally documents the purpose, the main deliverables, the rough schedule and budget, and the person responsible, and then you obtain approval for it. Only once the objectives are set can the scope (the range of work) needed to achieve them be determined, and only after the work is broken down (WBS) can the schedule and the budget be estimated. Conversely, if you draw up a schedule or a budget while the objectives are still vague, the range of work that forms the foundation is not fixed, so the whole plan falls apart. Therefore the first thing to do is ウ.
Incorrectエ
Budget planning is likewise work in the planning process. Costs can be estimated only once the necessary activities and the people and resources to be assigned are fixed. A rough budget may indeed be shown in the project charter at initiating, but even that is a rough estimate made after the objectives are set; detailed budget planning comes after clarifying the objectives.
ここがポイント
- The order of the project management process groups: initiating (clarifying the objectives and purpose, creating the project charter) → planning (scope definition, WBS, schedule, budget) → executing → monitoring and controlling (progress management, change management) → closing. When a question asks what is done first, choose the activity that belongs to initiating.
- The project charter is the basic document at initiating: it formally documents the purpose, the deliverables, the person responsible, and the rough schedule and budget of the project, and obtains approval for them. If the objectives are not clear, the scope cannot be fixed, and then none of the baselines for the schedule, the budget, and progress management that follow can be set either.
用語