問21
頻出度★★★
財務諸表のうち,“営業活動”,“投資活動”,“財務活動”の三つの活動区分に分けて表すものはどれか。
平成22年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問21
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 会計・財務
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 21
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア, the Cash Flow Statement. The cash flow statement (C/F) is a financial statement that shows the increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents during one accounting period — in other words, how much money actually came in and how much went out — and it presents the reasons for that change in the following three activity categories. (1) Cash flow from operating activities — receipts and payments arising from day-to-day core business operations, such as selling and purchasing goods and paying personnel costs. If this stays positive over time, the company is soundly earning cash from its main business. (2) Cash flow from investing activities — receipts and payments related to investment for future profit, such as buying or selling equipment and buildings, or acquiring and selling securities. A company that is investing for growth normally shows a negative figure here. (3) Cash flow from financing activities — receipts and payments related to raising and repaying funds, such as borrowing and repayment, issuing shares, and paying dividends. These three categories are the single biggest feature that distinguishes the cash flow statement from the other financial statements, so the moment a question lists three activity categories the answer is uniquely determined. The cash flow statement is valued because the flow of cash reveals a profitable bankruptcy — a company that shows a profit on the income statement yet fails because it runs out of cash on hand.
Incorrectイ
The income statement (P/L) is a financial statement that matches revenues against expenses for one accounting period in order to show business performance (profit or loss). Its sections are not organized by activity: starting from net sales it calculates five levels of profit in order — gross profit, operating profit, ordinary profit, profit before income taxes, and net profit for the period. It does not use the three categories of operating, investing, and financing activities.
Incorrectウ
The balance sheet (B/S) is a financial statement that shows the financial position at a single point in time, the closing date. It is divided into three parts — assets, liabilities, and net assets (equity) — and the total of the left side (assets) always equals the total of the right side (liabilities plus net assets). Although it also has three sections, their content is a classification of stock (balances), not activity-based categories of operating, investing, and financing.
Incorrectエ
A securities report is a corporate disclosure document that listed companies and others submit and publish for each business year under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. It is not a financial statement itself but a container: in addition to the company overview, business conditions, and facility conditions, it includes the financial statements (B/S, P/L, C/F). What is presented in three activity categories is the cash flow statement contained inside it, not the structure of the report as a whole.
ここがポイント
- Learn how the three main financial statements correspond to the way each is divided. Balance sheet (B/S) = shows the financial position at a point in time using assets, liabilities, and net assets; income statement (P/L) = shows business performance for a period using five levels of profit; cash flow statement (C/F) = shows the change in cash for a period using the three categories of operating, investing, and financing activities. When the keyword three activity categories appears, the answer is the C/F.
- The contents of the three categories of the cash flow statement. Operating activities = day-to-day receipts and payments of the core business (cash collected from sales, payments for purchases and personnel costs); investing activities = acquisition and sale of equipment and securities; financing activities = borrowing, repayment, capital increases, and dividends. Because a company can fail when it runs short of cash even while making a profit (profitable bankruptcy), exams also test the point that the flow of cash must be looked at separately from profit.
用語