問25
頻出度★★☆
ERP の説明として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
平成22年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問25
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 25
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. Its core idea is that a company should not manage its management resources — people, goods, money and information — separately in each department, but should manage them in an integrated way across the whole company, so that these resources are allocated optimally and overall management efficiency improves. The software that realizes this idea is an ERP package (an integrated core business system), which places core operations such as sales, purchasing, production, inventory, logistics, accounting and human resources on top of a single integrated database. Because the data is gathered in one place, the moment an order is entered, for example, the information on inventory, production plans, sales and costs is updated together, and every department can work while looking at the same up-to-date figures. Choice ア — that it integrates and manages overall corporate activities and links operations across departments, thereby optimizing management resources and improving management efficiency — is exactly the definition of ERP, so ア is the most appropriate.
Incorrectイ
This describes BPR (Business Process Reengineering). BPR does not take the current business processes for granted; it reviews them from zero and radically redesigns not only the flow and methods of work but also the organizational structure and management system, aiming to greatly improve performance such as cost, quality and speed. Its keywords are review and reform, not integrated management. When an ERP package is introduced, BPR is often carried out at the same time, because the company reviews its own operations to fit the standard processes of the package, so the two are closely related. Even so, keep the difference in their roles clear: BPR is a method of reform, while ERP is a mechanism for integrated management.
Incorrectウ
This describes CRM (Customer Relationship Management). All departments that serve as customer touchpoints — sales, the call center, support and maintenance — share customer information such as purchase history, inquiry history and the status of each response in a single database, so that responses become faster, customer satisfaction rises, and good long-term relationships are built. What it manages is limited to the relationship with customers, and that is the decisive difference from ERP, which covers management resources as a whole. Among similar abbreviations, also organize SFA (sales force automation), which supports sales activities themselves, and SCM (supply chain management), which optimizes the supply chain from procurement to sales.
Incorrectエ
This describes knowledge management. The idea is that tacit knowledge held personally by employees — experience, intuition and know-how — together with explicit knowledge such as documents and case records accumulated in databases, should not be left scattered, but should be shared and combined across the whole organization and used as a management resource that creates new value. What it manages is narrowed down to knowledge, so both its purpose and its scope differ from ERP, which links core operations such as sales, production, accounting and human resources through an integrated database in order to optimize management resources as a whole.
ここがポイント
- ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is the idea of managing management resources — people, goods, money and information — in an integrated way across the whole company, allocating them optimally and thereby improving management efficiency. The ERP package (integrated core business system) that realizes it places core operations such as sales, purchasing, production, inventory, accounting and human resources on a single integrated database so that information can be shared across departments.
- For management-strategy abbreviations, the sure way to tell them apart is by what each one manages: ERP covers management resources as a whole, CRM the relationship with customers, SCM the supply chain from procurement of materials to sales, SFA sales activities, knowledge management the knowledge of the organization, and BPR the radical redesign of business processes and of the organization itself. Memorize each term together with its object.
用語