問4
頻出度★★☆
B社は図のような流れで情報システムを調達した。aに当てはまるものはどれか。
| B社（経営層） | B社（IT部門） | ベンダ企業 |
|---|---|---|
| 経営戦略策定／事業戦略策定 → | システム要求事項策定 | |
| ↓ | ||
| 調達先選定基準承認 ← | 調達先選定基準策定 | |
| → | ［ a ］作成・配布 → | ［ a ］受領 |
| ↓ | ||
| 選定調達先承認 ← | 提案内容の比較評価・調達先選定 ←（提案） | 提案書作成 |
| → | 選定調達先と契約締結 ←→ | B社と契約締結 |
平成22年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問4
ストラテジ系システム企画 › 調達計画・実施
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 4
Incorrectア
An NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement) is a confidentiality agreement under which a party promises not to leak to third parties the trade secrets, personal information and the like disclosed to it in the course of a transaction, and not to use them for any other purpose. It can appear in a procurement in a supporting role, for example signed before the requirements are disclosed, but it is ultimately a contract that governs the handling of information, not a document that prompts a vendor to write a proposal. In the figure, receiving [ a ] leads directly to the vendor's Prepare proposal, and an NDA cannot explain that cause and effect, so this choice is wrong.
Incorrectイ
An RFI (Request For Information) is a document with which the buyer, at the preparatory stage of a procurement, asks vendors for general information such as feasible technologies, product trends, and rough prices and delivery times. The purpose of an RFI is to gather information in order to settle the requirements, so it properly belongs before Formulate system requirements. In the figure, however, [ a ] is distributed after the requirements have been formulated and the supplier selection criteria approved, and the vendor that receives it immediately starts preparing a proposal. The figure makes clear that this is the stage of asking for proposals rather than for information, so an RFI fits neither the timing nor the role. RFI and RFP are a frequently examined trap, so remember it this way: gathering information is RFI, requesting proposals is RFP.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. An RFP (Request For Proposal) is a document that the buyer procuring an information system prepares and distributes to candidate vendor companies in order to ask them to submit concrete proposals. Following the flow in the figure, Company B's IT department first settles what kind of system is needed in Formulate system requirements, then carries out Formulate supplier selection criteria and obtains the management's Approve supplier selection criteria. In other words, by the time [ a ] is prepared, both the requirements to be realized and the yardstick for evaluating the proposals are already in place. In that state the IT department prepares and distributes [ a ], and the vendor company that receives it starts on Prepare proposal, so [ a ] must be a document that asks vendors for a concrete answer in the form of a proposal. That is exactly the role of an RFP. An RFP generally states the purpose and background of the system, the requirements such as the necessary functions and performance, the assumed delivery date, budget and organization, the items to be proposed and their format, the deadline and method for submitting the proposal, and the criteria by which the proposals will be evaluated. What matters is that by distributing the same RFP to several vendors, the proposals that come back can be put through Compare and evaluate proposals, select supplier on the same footing; in the figure too, the step of comparing and evaluating several proposals is placed after [ a ] is distributed. Therefore the item that fits in [ a ] is RFP.
Incorrectエ
An SLA (Service Level Agreement) is a document in which the service provider and the user agree in advance on the levels of service quality, such as the operating rate, the time needed to recover from a failure and the response time, and on what is to be done if those levels are not met. It is exchanged at the contract stage after the supplier has been decided, which in the figure corresponds to what is handled around the bottom row, Conclude contract with selected supplier / Conclude contract with Company B. It does not fit the position of [ a ], which is the stage of soliciting proposals, so this choice is wrong.
ここがポイント
- The basic flow of information system procurement — learn this order: gather information with an RFI (Request For Information) → formulate system requirements based on the management and business strategies → formulate and approve the supplier selection criteria → prepare and distribute an RFP (Request For Proposal) → receive proposals from vendors → compare and evaluate the proposals and select the supplier → conclude the contract. Note that an RFI gathers the information needed to pin the requirements down, so it comes before the RFP and also before the requirements themselves are formulated. Many questions ask which document belongs at which stage.
- Telling the procurement abbreviations apart — an RFI is a document asking vendors to provide general information (the information-gathering stage), an RFP is a document asking vendors to submit concrete proposals (the proposal-request stage), an NDA is a confidentiality agreement, and an SLA is an agreement on service quality levels after the contract. Remembering each one together with its purpose and the stage where it appears prevents mix-ups.
用語