問23
頻出度★★★
商品の販売による収入は, キャッシュフロー計算書のどの部分に記載されるか。
平成23年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問23
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 会計・財務
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 23
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. The cash flow statement is one of the three main financial statements, alongside the balance sheet and the income statement. It shows how much cash and cash equivalents increased or decreased during one accounting period, divided into three sections according to what caused the change. The three sections are cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing activities, and which section a given receipt or payment belongs to is decided by the nature of what produced that movement of cash. Among them, cash flow from operating activities gathers the cash coming in and going out from running the company's main business, and it includes income from selling goods or services, payments for purchasing raw materials or merchandise, personnel costs such as wages, payments of other operating expenses, and payments of corporate income tax. The income from the sale of goods in the question is the money received for selling goods as the company's core business, that is, the cash inflow that is both the starting point and the heart of the operating cycle, so it is recorded under cash flow from operating activities. This section shows how much cash the company can earn from its main business alone, so it is treated as the most important of the three sections, and keeping it positive over time is regarded as a basic condition of a healthy company. Conversely, if the income statement shows a profit but cash flow from operating activities is negative, it suggests slow collection of sales receipts or swelling inventory, and it serves as a clue to the danger of a company going bankrupt while still reporting a profit. Therefore, income from the sale of goods is recorded in ア, cash flow from operating activities.
Incorrectイ
Cash flow from financing activities shows how a company raises the funds it needs for its business and how it repays them. Specifically it covers money received from borrowing from financial institutions and payments made to repay those borrowings, the issue and redemption of corporate bonds, money received from issuing shares (a capital increase), and dividend payments. All of these are cash movements that come with financing transactions, that is, raising and repaying funds, and they differ in nature from the core business transaction of selling goods and receiving payment for them. Income from the sale of goods does not belong here, so this choice is wrong.
Incorrectウ
Cash flow from investing activities shows the cash coming in and going out from investing in assets in order to earn future profits and from recovering those assets. Specifically it covers payments to acquire tangible fixed assets such as buildings and machinery and money received from selling them, the acquisition of intangible assets such as software, the purchase and sale of securities, and the lending out and collection of funds. Selling here means a transaction in which the company disposes of an asset such as equipment or securities, and it is distinguished from the core business transaction of selling merchandise to customers. Income from the sale of goods therefore does not belong in this section.
Incorrectエ
The cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows every increase and decrease of cash and cash equivalents from the start to the end of the period, sorted into sections by cause, so there is no such thing as a cash transaction that goes unrecorded. On the contrary, income from the sale of goods is the most central item showing the cash a company earns from its main business, and it is placed at the head of cash flow from operating activities. This choice, which says it is not recorded, is therefore wrong. Note that when the statement is prepared by the indirect method, it starts from profit before tax and adds or subtracts the changes in trade receivables and inventory, so sales income may not appear as a separate line, but that is only a difference in presentation, and it is still reflected in the operating activities section.
ここがポイント
- The three sections of the cash flow statement — the increase and decrease of cash and cash equivalents during one accounting period is presented in three sections according to its cause: operating activities (sales income from the main business, payments for purchases and expenses, payments of corporate income tax), investing activities (acquisition and sale of fixed assets and securities, lending out and collecting funds), and financing activities (borrowing and repayment, corporate bonds, capital increases, dividend payments). Which section a receipt or payment goes into is judged by the nature of what produced that cash.
- The importance of cash flow from operating activities — it shows the ability to earn cash from the main business, so it is treated as the most important of the three sections, and staying positive over time is a yardstick of soundness. Even when the income statement shows a profit, if cash flow from operating activities is negative you should suspect slow collection of sales receipts or growing inventory, which is a clue for spotting the signs of a company going bankrupt while still reporting a profit.
用語