問8
頻出度★★★
経営管理の仕組みの一つである PDCA の C によって把握できるものとして, 最も適切なものはどれか。
平成23年度 特別試験 ITパスポート試験 問8
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 8
Incorrectア
The mid- to long-term ideal state that the company aims for corresponds to the management philosophy, the vision, and mid- to long-term management goals; it describes what the company intends to aim for from now on. It is set and confirmed at the P (Plan) stage as the starting point and premise for drawing up a plan, not information grasped at the C (Check) stage, which measures and evaluates results that have already been carried out. To measure the gap between the ideal state and the current situation, the ideal state must first be fixed on the Plan side; C is the side that uses that yardstick to measure actual results, and this choice confuses the two.
Incorrectイ
A technology roadmap is a planning chart that lays out along a time axis which technologies the company will acquire and make use of, by when, and how; the technology elements that make it up are identified in the process of formulating the technology strategy. That is, they are deliverables on the planning side, prepared and organized at the P (Plan) stage, not an evaluation of execution results. What is grasped at C is progress and actual results, namely how far development and technology acquisition have advanced along the roadmap; identifying the technology elements themselves is not the role of C.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. PDCA (the PDCA cycle) is a business management mechanism that continuously raises the level of control over operations and management by repeatedly turning the four stages Plan → Do → Check (evaluation and inspection) → Act (improvement and corrective action). Among these, C = Check is the stage where the results of the activities actually carried out in Do are compared with the target values, standards, and schedule set in Plan, and are then measured and evaluated, in order to clarify whether things are progressing as planned and, if not, where and how large a difference (gap) has arisen. In other words, the role of C comes down to making visible how execution stands against the plan that was drawn up. Choice ウ, the execution status of the company's business plan, is precisely the progress and actual results of execution against the business plan, which is the Plan; it corresponds to what is grasped at the C stage in such forms as budget-versus-actual comparisons of sales and profit, the progress rate of each measure, and the achievement level of KPIs. The differences grasped here are handed over to the next stage, Act, where the causes are analyzed and corrective action or a revision of the plan is carried out, and those results are then reflected in the Plan of the next cycle. Note also that for the evaluation to be meaningful, it is a prerequisite that measurable targets have been set at the Plan stage. Therefore, the most appropriate item that can be grasped through the C in PDCA is ウ.
Incorrectエ
The analysis results of the external environment surrounding the company's management are obtained by organizing the conditions that surround the company, such as market trends, competitors, laws and regulations, and technology trends, through the opportunities and threats of a SWOT analysis, a PEST analysis, a 3C analysis, and the like. These are the product of the environmental analysis performed at the P (Plan) stage in order to draw up a business plan or business strategy, and they do not measure the results of activities the company has carried out. C is, after all, the stage for grasping the difference between the company's execution results and the plan, so the analysis results of the external environment do not correspond to it.
ここがポイント
- The role of each stage of the PDCA cycle — Plan is setting targets and an implementation plan, Do is executing according to the plan, Check is the stage of measuring and evaluating execution results against targets and standards and grasping the differences, and Act is the corrective action and improvement that follow from the evaluation results, together with their reflection in the next plan. What C can grasp is the execution status and actual results relative to the plan.
- Separating what belongs to the planning side (P) from what belongs to the evaluation side (C) — the management philosophy and ideal state, the technology roadmap, and external environment analysis results such as SWOT and PEST are all information prepared at the P stage in order to draw up a plan, not information obtained at C. The key point is to identify which letter of PDCA the question is asking about and to distinguish that stage's inputs from its outputs.
用語