問41
頻出度★★★
新しい製品を開発する場合に検討するリスク軽減策に関する記述 a～c のうち，品質面のリスクを軽減させるものとして適切なものだけを全て挙げたものはどれか。 a 安定した技術を使った製品を開発する。 b 開発が遅れた場合の保険を掛ける。 c 試作品を作成する。
平成24年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問41
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 41
Incorrectア
Although a is correct, this option is wrong because it includes b (take out insurance against the case where development is delayed). Insurance is a measure that has the insurance company shoulder the financial burden when damage occurs, so in the classification of risk responses it counts as transfer, not mitigation. Furthermore, what the insurance covers is the delay in development, that is, a schedule or cost risk, and the quality of the product itself is not improved at all. On top of that, the correct item c (building a prototype) has been left out.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is イ (a, c). The question asks for measures that mitigate quality-related risk, so each statement is judged on two points: (1) does it target a quality risk, and (2) is the type of risk response mitigation? a Develop a product using stable, proven technology ... Appropriate. Technology with a track record that has matured behaves and performs in ways that are known in advance, and the way faults show up can be predicted. Conversely, if unproven new technology is adopted, the probability of quality problems such as unexpected failures or performance falling short of requirements becomes higher. Deliberately choosing stable technology is a typical mitigation measure that lowers the probability of a quality risk occurring in the first place. c Build a prototype ... Appropriate. If a prototype is built first, design defects, mismatches in the specifications, and usability problems can be checked on a real object before full-scale development or mass production starts. Because problems can be found early and dealt with, the risk of quality defects remaining in the finished product can be lowered. Insurance in b, on the other hand, is not a mitigation measure on the quality side, as explained below, so the correct combination is a and c, that is, イ.
Incorrectウ
a and c are correct, but this option is wrong because it goes as far as including b. The question asks for the option that lists all and only the measures that mitigate quality-related risk, and b does not target a quality risk (its target is the delay in development), while its type of response is transfer rather than mitigation. With an option of the form that selects all three items, even a single item that does not meet the condition makes it incorrect.
Incorrectエ
Although c is correct, this option is wrong in two ways: it puts in b, which must not be included, and it drops a (develop a product using stable, proven technology), which must be included. The reason b is inappropriate is as stated above. Also, a lowers the probability of faults occurring through the choice of technology, which is a representative example of mitigating quality risk, so it must be included.
ここがポイント
- The four categories of risk response: avoidance (stop the activity that causes the risk), transfer (shift the impact to another party through insurance or outsourcing), mitigation (lower the probability of occurrence or the degree of impact), and acceptance (take no countermeasure and accept it). Taking out insurance is a typical example of transfer, not mitigation, and that point is the first dividing line in this question.
- Do not mix up the categories of risk (quality, schedule, cost, and so on). Measures for mitigating quality risk include adopting stable technology with a proven track record, verifying in advance with a prototype, and strengthening reviews and testing. Read which aspect of risk the question is asking about, and screen the options on both counts: whether the target matches and whether the type of response matches.
用語