問43
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトの例として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
平成24年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問43
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This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 43
Incorrectア
“A bank performs regular maintenance inspections of its ATMs” is maintenance work repeated on a cycle decided in advance, and it counts as routine operations. The procedure and the purpose are almost the same every time, so no unique deliverable is produced, and no end point of “this is the final one” is defined (as long as the machines keep being used, the inspections keep going). It satisfies neither temporariness nor uniqueness, so it is not an appropriate example of a project.
Incorrectイ
“A factory produces a monthly report on its production results” is routine clerical work repeated every month in the same format and by the same procedure, and this too is routine operations. The figures inside it change from month to month, but the work itself is a repetition and is not an activity that creates a unique deliverable, and no end point is defined. Therefore it does not qualify as a project.
Incorrectウ
“A store increases the purchase quantity of popular products” is nothing more than an adjustment to the everyday purchasing work made in response to how well items are selling. Purchasing is ordinary work that continues as long as the store stays in business; it is neither a temporary activity with a defined start and end nor an activity that creates a unique deliverable. It is therefore part of routine operations and is not an appropriate example of a project.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ. A project is a temporary activity carried out in order to create a unique deliverable or service. There are two key points: first, temporariness — when it starts and when it ends are clearly defined; second, uniqueness — it does not repeat the same thing every time, but produces a one-off deliverable specific to that occasion. Option エ, “A software house newly develops a large-scale online system,” satisfies both of them. First, because the system is “newly developed,” it is a unique deliverable created only for that particular job, not a mere repetition of past work. In addition, development begins with requirements definition and ends when the system is completed and put into operation (delivered), so it is a temporary activity with a clear beginning and end. Once it is finished the activity is disbanded, and the operation and maintenance that follow are handed over to separate routine operations. An activity carried out within a set time limit toward a one-time, unique goal is exactly what a project is, so エ is the most appropriate example.
ここがポイント
- A project is defined by two conditions: temporariness (it has a clear start and end) plus uniqueness (it produces a one-off, unique deliverable). In contrast, work that sets no end point and repeats the same content is called routine operations, and it is distinguished from a project.
- Telling the options apart is quicker if you judge by keywords. Words such as “regular,” “monthly,” “routinely,” and “continuously” are signs of routine operations, while “newly develop,” “newly build,” and “complete by (a given date)” are signs of a project. Note also that a project is formally authorized by a project charter, which sets out its purpose, its manager, and their authority, before it is launched.
用語