問48
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトマネージャがプロジェクトのスケジュール, コスト, 品質の計画を策定する際に最初に実施すべき作業はどれか。
平成24年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問48
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 48
Incorrectア
Finding the path of activities that requires the longest duration throughout the entire project means determining the critical path (the longest path), which is one step within schedule development. However, the critical path can be calculated only after the tasks (activities) have been identified and their sequence and durations estimated. It comes after defining the work, so it is not the first task.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is イ. Building a project plan starts by deciding what is going to be produced. Choice イ — define the specifications of the deliverables to be produced and the work needed to complete those deliverables — is exactly the definition of the project scope, and it corresponds to creating the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), which breaks the deliverables down and identifies the work required. The schedule is determined by how many days each task takes and in what order the tasks are done, the cost by how much labor, material, and money each task consumes, and the quality by which standards the deliverables must meet, so none of them can be calculated until the work and the deliverables have been defined. In other words, scope definition is the first task and the shared premise of the schedule, cost, and quality plans alike; skipping it leaves the estimates with no foundation to stand on.
Incorrectウ
Reporting the project's performance to stakeholders is communication and reporting directed at stakeholders, and it belongs to the executing and monitoring-and-controlling stages, after the project is already under way. At the point when the plans are being developed, there is no performance to report yet, so this is not the first task.
Incorrectエ
Measuring the effectiveness of countermeasures against uncertain events that have positive or negative impacts on the objectives is a monitoring-and-controlling task carried out after risk responses have been implemented. Devising the risk responses itself is possible only after the scope has been fixed, and measuring their effect comes later still. So it is not the first task when the plans are being developed.
ここがポイント
- The starting point of a project plan is scope definition — define the specifications of the deliverables and the work needed to complete them, and break them down into a WBS (Work Breakdown Structure). The estimates for schedule, cost, and quality all presuppose this definition of the work.
- Distinguish where each process group sits — scope definition and WBS creation belong to planning; calculating the critical path is also part of planning but comes after the work has been defined; reporting performance and measuring the effectiveness of risk responses belong to executing and monitoring and controlling.
用語