※ Our check while writing this explanation could not fully confirm the published answer; scoring follows IPA's official key.
×Incorrectア
(1) and (5) really are current problems, but (3) “it would be fine to have a way to submit several days’ worth of claims all at once” is, as the phrasing “it would be fine to have ...” shows, not a fact about something that cannot be done now and is causing trouble; it is a request for what the system should provide. This choice mixes a request in among the problems, and it also omits (4), which is a problem, so it is wrong.
○イ
正解The correct answer is イ, “(1) and (4) and (5).” What the question asks for is “the problems that are currently occurring with respect to travel expense claims” — that is, statements of facts that are already causing trouble right now. Looking at the memo: (1) “the most time is spent on checking whether the travel sections and the claimed amounts are correct” describes a present inefficiency, namely that checking work eats up time; (4) “there are many defective forms, such as required entry fields being left blank” states the fact that defects are actually occurring frequently; and (5) “there are many calculation errors on the claim forms, so approval takes a long time” describes a present obstacle in which calculation errors delay approval. All three describe things that are happening now, using present-tense expressions such as “time is being spent on ...,” “there are many ...,” and “it takes time.” Only these three qualify as problems (issues with the current situation), so イ, the combination (1)(4)(5), is correct.
×Incorrectウ
(4) and (5) are problems, but just as in ア, (3) is a request phrased as “it would be fine to have ...,” not a problem that is currently occurring. In addition, problem (1) — that the most time is actually being spent on checking work — is missing from this combination.
×Incorrectエ
(4) and (5) are problems, but (6) “even after the system is introduced, defects and errors on claim forms will be corrected by the applicant and resubmitted” states a precondition or constraint about how operations will run after introduction; it is not a problem occurring right now. Here too, problem (1) is missing.
ここがポイント
In business requirements definition, the starting point is to sort the opinions you have collected into “problems with the current situation (issues already occurring now),” “requests for the system (things that would be convenient if realized),” and “preconditions and constraints.” The ending of each sentence is a strong clue: if it states something happening now, such as “it takes a long time to ...” or “there are many ...,” it is a problem; if it expresses a wish, such as “it would be fine to have ...,” “I would like to ...,” “it would be better if ...,” or “I want it to ...,” judge it as a request.
For questions that ask you to pick a combination of numbered items, rather than comparing whole choices against each other, it is more reliable to judge each memo item one by one as “a problem or not,” and then eliminate any choice that contains a number that does not qualify. Here, once you decide that (3) and (6) are not problems, ア, ウ, and エ — which contain them — are all eliminated at once, leaving イ.