問44
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトチームの要員に対し，プロジェクトの進行にとって望ましい行動を促進する仕組みを表す用語として，適切なものはどれか。
平成24年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問44
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 44
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア, Incentive. An incentive is an inducement or stimulus given to make people take a particular action. In the context of project management and human resource management, it refers to the very mechanism that motivates members to behave in ways desirable for the organization. Concretely, it ranges from monetary and status-related forms such as bonuses and reward money for meeting goals, promotion and advancement in rank, and awards or in-house recognition programs, to non-monetary forms such as assignment to desired work, greater discretion, granting of leave, and approval or praise from a superior. A project manager can clearly define the actions that are desirable for the progress of the project, such as meeting deadlines, achieving quality targets, and reporting risks early, and then design incentives so that those actions are rewarded when they actually occur. This raises members' motivation and directs their behavior toward the project goals. The question asks for a mechanism that encourages desirable behavior, and the only term that directly matches this definition is incentive, so the answer is ア.
Incorrectイ
Competency refers to the behavioral characteristics commonly seen in people who continuously deliver high performance. For example, patterns such as checking customer needs proactively in advance or reporting problems to superiors early are concrete behaviors that lead to results, and they are used to set hiring criteria, evaluate personnel, and design training programs. This is a concept for describing and assessing the abilities and behavioral traits that members possess, not a mechanism of inducements given to draw out desirable behavior. Only when the results of a competency assessment are reflected in treatment does it begin to work as an incentive; competency itself is not a mechanism, so this choice is wrong.
Incorrectウ
Compliance means observing laws and regulations. It covers not only laws and regulatory rules but also acting in accordance with internal company regulations, industry guidelines, corporate ethics, and social norms. Typical examples include complying with personal information protection laws and copyright law, and enforcing internal controls and information security policies. This sets the lower bound of behavior and its constraints, in the sense of not doing what must not be done and protecting what must be protected. It is not a mechanism for actively encouraging and motivating desirable behavior. Because its orientation is toward prohibition and observance, it does not match the definition asked in the question.
Incorrectエ
Conflict refers to opposition or clashes of opinions, interests, and values that arise between members or between departments. In a project it appears as competition over resources such as personnel and equipment, differences over schedules and priorities, and disagreements over technical policy. A project manager is expected not to leave conflict unattended but to guide it to resolution, which is called conflict management. However, conflict itself is a problem situation to be resolved, not a mechanism that encourages desirable behavior. On the contrary, it is something to be managed and removed rather than promoted, so it sits at the opposite pole from the term the question asks for.
ここがポイント
- Definition of an incentive: a mechanism of inducements given so that people take desirable actions. It comes in monetary and status-related forms such as bonuses, reward money, promotion, and awards, and in non-monetary forms such as greater discretion, assignment to desired work, and approval or praise. It is a representative means of raising motivation and is used in managing project members.
- Distinguish confusable loanword terms by what kind of concept each one names: competency is the behavioral traits shared by high performers (a yardstick for evaluation and development), compliance is observance of laws and internal company rules (a constraint to be upheld), and conflict is opposition of opinions or interests (a problem to be resolved). When asked for a mechanism that encourages behavior, judge it to be an incentive.
用語