問5
頻出度★★☆
SCMの導入効果として, 最も適切なものはどれか。
平成25年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問5
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 5
Incorrectア
Promptly grasping customers' payment status for accounts receivable is the role of accounting and finance systems that manage receivables (such as the credit-checking and payment-matching functions of a sales management system). What SCM handles is the flow of goods and the accompanying information on demand, inventory, and production; making the state of payment collection visible is not its main purpose, so this is wrong.
Incorrectイ
Being able to share approaches to customers (how to conduct negotiations, visit histories, deal progress, and so on) across the entire sales department is an effect of SFA (Sales Force Automation). SFA aims at standardizing sales activities themselves and sharing that information, so its scope differs from SCM, whose purpose is optimizing the supply chain from procurement through sales. Therefore this is wrong.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ. SCM (Supply Chain Management) is a management approach that treats the whole chain of supply — from procuring raw materials through production, inventory, logistics, and sales — as a single flow that spans not only your own company but your business partners as well, and shares information on orders, inventory, production, shipping, and so on between companies in order to optimize the chain as a whole. If each stage forecasts demand on its own, the swings in order quantities grow larger the further upstream you go (the bullwhip effect), and shortages and excess inventory occur at the same time. By sharing this information across the entire chain, SCM can reflect changes in demand quickly in production and procurement plans, and as a result it becomes possible to hold down waste in inventory and lead time while achieving the ability to “supply products in a timely manner to meet customer demands”. In other words, improved speed and reliability of supply is exactly the representative effect of introducing SCM, so ウ is the most appropriate.
Incorrectエ
Deepening the understanding of customer needs for each individual product is an effect of CRM (Customer Relationship Management). CRM accumulates and analyzes purchase histories and inquiry histories to strengthen relationships with customers, aiming to raise satisfaction and lifetime value. SCM focuses mainly on optimizing processes on the supply side and does not treat deepening customer understanding itself as a direct effect, so this is wrong.
ここがポイント
- SCM = a method that optimizes the whole supply chain — procurement, production, inventory, logistics, and sales — through information sharing that includes business partners. Its effects are reduced inventory and lead time, plus timely supply matched to demand (resolving shortages and excess inventory at the same time).
- Tell confusing three-letter acronyms apart by asking which business area each one targets. SCM = the supply chain (the flow of goods); CRM = the relationship with customers (understanding customers, satisfaction); SFA = sales activities (sharing negotiation and deal information); ERP = integrated management of all business resources. When choices mix in sales activities, customer understanding, or receivables management, separate them out as effects of SFA, CRM, and accounting systems respectively.
用語