問42
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトにおいて，当初のプロジェクト範囲に含まれている，予測はできるが発生することが確実ではないイベントの対策費用のことをコンティンジェンシー予備という。あるシステム開発プロジェクトにおいて，開発を受注したベンダ側のプロジェクトマネージャが計上するコストのうち，コンティンジェンシー予備に分類するのが適切なものはどれか。
平成25年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問42
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 42
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. As defined in the question, a contingency reserve is money set aside in advance to deal with risk events that (1) are within the original project scope and (2) can be predicted but are not certain to occur. Choice ア, the cost needed to replace equipment when a device fails in the development environment, concerns maintaining the development environment, which is inside the project scope, yet whether the equipment will actually fail cannot be determined in advance. In other words, it is a typical known risk that can be foreseen as possible but is not certain to happen, so it is appropriate to classify it as a contingency reserve, a cost included in the estimate to prepare for its occurrence.
Incorrectイ
The work cost of the project leader who manages development progress is a definite labor cost that will certainly occur as long as the project moves forward, and it is booked as a direct cost in the normal cost estimate (the cost baseline). It does not meet the condition of being not certain to occur, so it is not a contingency reserve.
Incorrectウ
The cost of responding to a user's new requirements outside the project scope directly contradicts the condition in the question that the event is within the original project scope. New requests outside the scope should be handled through the change management (change request) process by revising the scope and baseline and contracting and budgeting for them separately; they are not absorbed by a contingency reserve (or by the management reserve, which is for unknown events within the scope).
Incorrectエ
The purchase cost of the quality management tool that is planned to be adopted is a definite expenditure already fixed in the plan. It is not only predictable but also certain to occur, so it should be built into the normal estimated budget rather than kept as a provision against risk, and it is not a contingency reserve.
ここがポイント
- A contingency reserve is a provision for known risks that are within the project scope and predictable yet uncertain to occur. Costs that are certain to occur (labor costs, items planned for purchase) belong in the cost baseline, not in a reserve.
- The key point is telling apart the contingency reserve (for known risks) and the management reserve (for unforeseeable unknown events within the scope). New requirements outside the scope are handled through change management and are not absorbed by the contingency reserve.
用語