問45
頻出度★★★
次のような活動を行うプロジェクトマネジメントの知識エリアとして, 適切なものはどれか。 システム開発において, 結合テスト開始前に, 顧客から機能の追加要求があり, スコープの変更を行うことにした。 本番稼働日は変更できないとのことなので, 応援チームの編成とスケジュールの調整を行い, 変更した計画について変更管理委員会の承認を得た。
平成25年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問45
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 45
Incorrectア
Project Cost Management is the knowledge area that deals with estimating costs, determining the budget, and controlling costs (identifying variances between actual results and the budget and correcting them). Nothing in this question mentions cost — no estimate of the expense caused by the additional request, no budget increase, no cost control. Forming a support team may affect expenses as a consequence, but what the question describes is arranging staff in order to keep the schedule, not managing amounts of money. It is therefore not appropriate as the knowledge area representing these activities as a whole.
Incorrectイ
Project Procurement Management is the knowledge area that deals with planning for purchasing or acquiring products and services from outside the project, selecting suppliers, and concluding and administering contracts. In this question a support team is formed, but it is not stated that the team was procured from outside the company, nor that any contract was concluded; there is no description of purchasing or contracting. You must not read in outsourcing or contracting activities that appear neither in the figure nor in the text. Hence this is not procurement management.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ, Project Integration Management. Project Integration Management is the knowledge area that brings the activities of the other knowledge areas — scope, schedule, cost, quality, resources, procurement, and so on — together into a single project and coordinates them so that they do not conflict with one another. It includes developing the project charter, developing the project management plan, directing and managing project work, and integrated change control (the activity of evaluating the impact of change requests as a whole and reflecting only approved changes in the plan and the deliverables). Breaking down the activities in this question: after receiving the customer’s request for additional functionality, the scope was changed; under the constraint that the production go-live date could not be moved, a support team was formed (an impact on resources) and the schedule was adjusted (an impact on the schedule); and approval for the revised plan was obtained from the change control board. In other words, the impact that a single change request has on several knowledge areas is evaluated together, and the whole plan is updated through a formal approval procedure. This work of “controlling a change as a whole and reflecting it in the plan” is integrated change control, and the knowledge area responsible for it is Project Integration Management, so ウ is appropriate.
Incorrectエ
Project Quality Management is the knowledge area in which quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control (verification and correction through reviews and testing) are performed so that deliverables and processes meet the required quality. The word “integration testing” does appear in this question, but only to indicate the point in time “before integration testing began”; no quality activity such as how testing is carried out, what the quality standards are, or how defects are corrected is described. This is a typical choice that leads to a wrong answer if you are pulled along by the word “testing”; what is actually being done is approving a change and adjusting the plan, so this is not quality management.
ここがポイント
- Project Integration Management is the knowledge area that integrates and coordinates the activities of the other knowledge areas (scope, schedule, cost, quality, resources, communications, risk, procurement, stakeholders). It includes developing the project charter, developing the project management plan, directing and managing the work, integrated change control, and closing the project or a phase. Whenever a topic involves coordination spanning several areas, or the plan for the project as a whole, suspect integration management.
- In integrated change control, a change request that arises is not carried out as it is. Instead, through a formal procedure such as a change control board (CCB), its impact on scope, schedule, cost, and quality is evaluated all together, and only what has been approved is reflected in the project plan and the deliverables. Statements such as “approval was obtained from the change control board” or “the revised plan was reflected across the whole project” are typical keywords pointing to integration management.
用語