問8
頻出度★★☆
サプライチェーンマネジメントの目的はどれか。
平成25年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問8
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営管理システム
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 8
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. Supply chain management (SCM) is the idea of treating the whole flow that runs from the procurement of materials and parts through production, sales, and logistics until the goods reach the final customer (the supply chain) as a single chain that crosses the boundaries between departments and between partner companies. By sharing order information, inventory information, production plans, and sales results among the parties along the chain and synchronizing the whole of it with demand, SCM aims not at partial optimization that speeds up only one process, but at optimization of the entire chain (overall optimization). The representative effects that follow are the reduction of unnecessary inventory sitting in each process and the shortening of the lead time from order to delivery; this cuts inventory holding costs and the waste caused by stockouts and excess stock, while raising the speed of supply to customers and the reliability of delivery dates. Choice ア states exactly this idea, that the entire process is optimized by reducing unnecessary inventory and shortening lead times in individual processes, so it is the correct description of the purpose of SCM.
Incorrectイ
Fundamentally reviewing and redesigning the business content and procedures is a description of BPR (business process reengineering). BPR does not take the existing way of working as a given; it redesigns the business processes themselves from a blank sheet in order to achieve dramatic improvement. Its target is a company's business processes in general, not the optimization of inventory and lead times along a supply chain. Whenever the wording “fundamental review and redesign” appears, it is a sign of BPR.
Incorrectウ
Outsourcing the entire operations is a description of outsourcing (contracting work out; when whole business processes are entrusted, it is called BPO). It is a means of leaving one's own operations to outside specialist companies in order to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and concentrate management resources on core business, and it is not the purpose of SCM. SCM is not about handing work over to outsiders; it aims to connect the flow of supply that spans both inside and outside the company through information sharing, and to optimize it as a whole.
Incorrectエ
Managing management resources in a unified manner, including finance and accounting, is a description of ERP (enterprise resource planning, an integrated core business system). In addition to production, sales, and logistics, ERP integrates the data of core operations such as accounting and human resources into a single system, managing management resources centrally across the whole company so that the state of the business becomes visible and decisions can be made quickly. Its distinguishing feature is that the scope of management extends as far as finance and accounting, which is a different aim from SCM, whose purpose is to cut supply chain inventory and shorten lead times.
ここがポイント
- The purpose of SCM (supply chain management) is overall optimization. It connects the flow of supply that runs from procurement through production, sales, and logistics to the customer across company and department boundaries, and by sharing and synchronizing demand and inventory information it achieves a reduction of unnecessary inventory and a shortening of lead times. The key point is that it is not partial optimization that improves only one process, but the removal of waste across the whole chain.
- Tell the confusable management methods apart by their keywords: fundamental review and redesign means BPR; entrusting operations to outside firms to improve efficiency means outsourcing (BPO); unified management of management resources including finance and accounting means ERP; and managing relationships with customers to raise satisfaction and revenue means CRM. The mark of SCM is inventory, lead time, and overall optimization of the supply chain.
用語