問19
頻出度★★☆
技術開発戦略立案の作業を①～⑤の順で行う場合，a に当てはまるものはどれか。
| 作業順番 | 作業項目 |
|---|---|
| ① | 経営戦略に関連する社内外の技術の抽出 |
| ② | a |
| ③ | 競争優位の構築に役立つ技術の見極め |
| ④ | 自社技術力の評価と強化分野の選定 |
| ⑤ | 開発の優先順位決定と開発ロードマップの作成 |
平成25年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問19
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 19
Incorrectア
Establishing a technology development promotion structure is work carried out after it has been decided what to develop and in what order, in order to arrange the responsible organization, personnel, and budget and move into execution. At the position of ②, the promising technologies have not yet been identified in ③, nor have the fields to strengthen been selected in ④, so even if the structure alone were put in place at this point, it would not be settled what the structure is for. The table shows a flow in which formulation is complete once the development roadmap is created in ⑤, and establishing a promotion structure belongs to the implementation stage that follows, so it does not fit into ②.
- イ
正解 The correct answer is イ, “Forecasting changes in technology and the environment.” The table shows the steps for formulating a technology development strategy, and from ① to ⑤ it narrows down from gathering information to drawing up a plan. Step ① broadly identifies internal and external technologies related to the management strategy, and step ③ then picks out, from among them, the technologies useful for establishing competitive advantage. What is needed between ① and ③ is the work of building a yardstick for evaluating the technologies that were identified — that is, foreseeing the direction in which technology itself will advance and how the management environment, such as the market, customer needs, competitors, and laws and regulations, will change from now on. Technology development takes several years from the investment until results appear, so if the basis for judgment is placed on the present situation, resources may end up being poured into a technology that has already become obsolete by the time development is finished. Therefore, technology forecasting methods such as the Delphi method and scenario writing are used to draw a picture of the future; taking that forecast as the premise, step ③ narrows down the promising technologies, step ④ decides which fields to strengthen by comparing them with the company's own technological capabilities, and step ⑤ turns them into priorities and a development roadmap. This gives a flow of ①② for identification and forecasting, ③④ for evaluation and selection, and ⑤ for planning, so the item that goes into ② is イ.
Incorrectウ
Setting sales and profit targets for new products is a numerical target in a business plan drawn up after the product to be developed has taken concrete shape; it is not the formulation of a technology development strategy itself. At the stage of ②, neither which technology will be used to build competitive advantage (③) nor which field will be strengthened (④) has been decided, and since there is no image of a product to begin with, there is no way to set sales or profit targets. Moreover, even if this work were carried out, it would not provide the premise of a forecast of the future that ③, “identifying technologies useful for establishing competitive advantage,” requires, so it does not belong in the position that connects ① and ③.
Incorrectエ
Test marketing is a marketing activity in which a prototype or a new product is released experimentally in a limited area or to a limited set of customers, so that the reaction of the market can be checked before judging whether to roll it out in full. It can be carried out only just before commercialization, when the product has taken shape, not at the strategy formulation stage right after technologies have been identified. In terms of order as well, placing it at ② would mean putting a product on the market before deciding which technology to develop, which is contradictory. It also does not supply the information needed for identifying technologies or selecting fields to strengthen in ③ and later, so it does not fit into ②.
ここがポイント
- The standard flow for formulating a technology development strategy: identifying technologies related to the management strategy → forecasting changes in technology and the environment → identifying technologies useful for establishing competitive advantage → evaluating the company's own technological capabilities and selecting areas to strengthen → determining development priorities and creating a development roadmap. Grasp this narrowing-down order: the first half gathers information and forecasts the future, while the second half evaluates and selects, then turns the result into a plan.
- In MOT (Management of Technology), because technology development takes a long time from investment until results appear, the target of development is chosen not on the basis of the present situation but on a forecast of future technology trends and changes in the management environment. Technology forecasting methods such as the Delphi method and scenario writing are used for this forecast. Establishing a promotion structure belongs to the implementation stage, setting sales and profit targets belongs to the business plan, and test marketing belongs to the commercialization stage; remember these as distinct from the steps of strategy formulation.
用語