問22
頻出度★★★
事業部制組織を説明したものはどれか。
平成25年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問22
ストラテジ系企業活動 › 経営・組織論
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 22
Incorrectア
This describes a matrix organization, not a divisional organization. The defining feature of this form is that each member belongs at the same time to both the functional department of their specialty and the department that carries out a specific business — that is, they belong on two axes, vertical and horizontal, in a grid (matrix). It can both make use of specialist expertise and assign people flexibly to businesses, but on the other hand one member ends up with two bosses, the head of the functional department and the head of the business department, so if their instructions conflict the chain of command easily becomes confused. In a divisional organization a member is placed under the single division they belong to, so this core point of dual membership does not apply.
Incorrectイ
This describes a functional organization (an organization divided by function), not a divisional organization. It is a form in which departments are organized along the nature of the work — purchasing, production, sales, finance and so on — in other words along functions. Because people with the same specialty gather in one place, expertise is easy to build up, and there is no duplication, so it is efficient; these are its advantages. However, each department handles only its own function and does not become a unit that can deliver a product to the market and earn a profit on its own, so profit responsibility rests not with each department but is concentrated at the top. It lacks the requirement of a divisional organization — holding both profit responsibility and the necessary functions and thereby being self-contained — so it is wrong. It is also not organized by product, by customer, or by region.
Incorrectウ
This describes a project organization, not a divisional organization. Its features are that specialists are gathered from each department in order to achieve a specific task and work with a defined period and goal, and that once the goal is achieved the members return to their original departments and the organization is disbanded, making it a temporary entity. A divisional organization is a permanent organization set up to run a business continuously, and it is not premised on being disbanded at the end of a fixed period. The axis on which it is formed also differs: it is not the task to be solved but a business grouping such as product, customer, or region.
- エ
正解 The correct answer is エ. A divisional organization is a structure in which divisions are set up by units such as product, customer (market), or region; each division is given a full set of the functions needed to carry out operations, such as purchasing, production, and sales, and is at the same time made responsible for sales and costs, that is, for profit (profit responsibility). Choice エ states exactly these three points — organized by product, by customer, or by region; holding profit responsibility and the functions needed to perform operations; and being able to carry out self-contained management activities — so it matches the definition of a divisional organization. Because each division is complete in itself like a single company, large authority is delegated to the division head, so decision-making in response to market changes becomes faster; performance can be evaluated by profit for each division (turning it into a profit center); and it is easier to develop future managers. These are its advantages. On the other hand, because the functions are duplicated in every division, management resources tend to be needed two or three times over, and walls tend to form between divisions, which easily undermines company-wide optimization. Keep these drawbacks in mind as well.
ここがポイント
- Definition of a divisional organization: an organization split into divisions by product, customer, region and so on, in which each division holds a full set of the functions needed to perform its operations, bears profit responsibility, and operates in a self-contained way. Its advantages are faster decision-making through delegated authority and performance evaluation by division (profit center); its drawbacks are higher costs from duplicated functions and walls between divisions (sectionalism).
- Points for telling the definitions of organizational forms apart: functional organization = departments formed by the nature of the work, such as purchasing, production, sales, and finance; divisional organization = profit responsibility and functions given by product, customer, or region; matrix organization = dual membership in a functional department and a business department, with two bosses; project organization = a temporary, time-limited formation that gathers specialists from each department for a specific task. Train yourself to tell them apart instantly from these keywords.
用語