問24
頻出度★★★
SWOT 分析の説明として, 適切なものはどれか。
平成25年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問24
ストラテジ系経営戦略マネジメント › 経営戦略手法
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 24
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. SWOT analysis is a management-strategy planning technique named after the initials of four English words: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat. Of these, strengths and weaknesses cover the internal environment — the company's own technical capability, brand, human resources, financial health, and facilities (factors the company can control) — while opportunities and threats cover the external environment — market growth, changes in laws and regulations, economic conditions, competitors' moves, and technological innovation (factors the company cannot control). The internal and external environments are then split into positive and negative factors and arranged into four boxes, so that a strategic direction for where to take the business next can be derived — for example, using strengths to seize opportunities, or covering weaknesses to avoid threats. Choice ア lists both “the opportunities and threats latent in the company's external environment” = O and T of the external environment and “the company's own strengths and weaknesses” = S and W of the internal environment, and it also correctly states the purpose of “deriving the future direction of corporate activities”, so it is an appropriate description of SWOT analysis.
Incorrectイ
This describes the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). BSC is a technique that sets performance evaluation indicators from four perspectives — the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the business process perspective, and the learning and growth perspective — so that a company's performance is evaluated and analyzed in a balanced way instead of leaning only on financial figures, and the execution of strategy is thereby managed. Both frameworks have “four” items, but SWOT's four are a classification of environmental factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), while BSC's four are a classification of perspectives for measuring performance, so their content is completely different.
Incorrectウ
This describes value chain analysis. Value chain analysis is a technique that breaks corporate activities down into primary activities — inbound logistics, manufacturing, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service — and support activities — general administration, human resources, technology development, and procurement — and then analyzes which activities create value for customers and where the strengths, weaknesses, and costs lie, in order to design business activities. Its distinguishing feature is that it focuses on which process adds value for the customer, which is different from SWOT analysis, where the environment is organized into the four items of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
Incorrectエ
This describes PPM (product portfolio management). PPM is a technique that plots the company's individual businesses and products on a matrix built from two quantitative axes, market growth rate and market share, classifies them into the four quadrants of stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs, and then judges which businesses should receive a concentrated allocation of management resources such as funds and personnel. Its distinguishing feature is that it positions businesses using a two-axis matrix of quantitative data, so both its purpose and its method differ from SWOT analysis, which qualitatively identifies the internal and external environments.
ここがポイント
- SWOT analysis = Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat. Strengths and weaknesses represent the company's internal environment, while opportunities and threats represent the external environment surrounding the company. Organize the current situation with these four categories, and derive the direction of future management strategy in forms such as using strengths to seize opportunities and covering weaknesses to prepare for threats.
- Be able to tell the major management-strategy frameworks apart by their keywords. Evaluating performance from four perspectives (financial, customer, business process, learning and growth) = Balanced Scorecard; breaking activities into primary activities and support activities to analyze how value for the customer is created = value chain analysis; optimizing the allocation of management resources with a two-axis matrix of market growth rate and market share = PPM.
用語