問46
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトチームのメンバの役割や責任を定義するものとして，最も適切なものはどれか。
平成26年度 秋期 ITパスポート試験 問46
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 46
Incorrectア
Figure ア takes week 1, week 2, and week 3 along the horizontal axis and shows the periods of the design and development tasks as horizontal bars; it is a Gantt chart. What a Gantt chart expresses is the start and end timing and the progress of each task, that is, schedule management, not the definition of roles and responsibilities. Member names are written inside the bars, but that is only supplementary information on a schedule table; it cannot express a distinction of responsibility such as performer versus checker.
Incorrectイ
Figure イ is a flowchart (a diagram of the flow of work) that connects “start → design → development → end” with arrows. What it expresses is the order and the precedence relationships of the tasks, and it is used to visualize the progression and the steps of the work. Here, too, the member names are merely written alongside inside the boxes, and what responsibility each person bears for that task is not defined.
- ウ
正解 The correct answer is ウ, RAM (Responsibility Assignment Matrix). Figure ウ is a table that lists the tasks (design, development) down the side and the members (Sato, Yamada, Tanaka) across the top, and, following the legend, fills each intersecting cell with “R: execute” or “C: check”. In other words, it defines at a glance which task is handled by whom and in what capacity (as the performer or as the checker). That is exactly what the question calls a tool for defining the roles and responsibilities of members. RAM stands for Responsibility Assignment Matrix; it is a technique that arranges the tasks identified in the WBS and the project staff into a matrix and assigns a type of responsibility to each cell. The RACI chart, which uses the role codes execute, accountability, consult, and report, is a well-known example of a RAM. Building a RAM lets you find gaps in assignment (tasks nobody has been assigned to) and overlaps of responsibility at an early stage.
Incorrectエ
Figure エ is a hierarchy diagram that hangs a design group and a development group under the project team, in other words an organization chart. What an organization chart shows is the chain of command and the structure of the units (who reports to whom); it cannot go so far as to express the assignment of responsibility, that is, who performs and who checks each individual task. A diagram that draws the framework of the organization and a diagram that defines responsibility for each task serve different purposes.
ここがポイント
- A RAM (Responsibility Assignment Matrix) is a technique that assigns a category of responsibility to each cell of a task-by-member matrix, thereby defining who bears what kind of responsibility for which task. The RACI chart is a representative example, and it is used to find gaps and overlaps in assignment.
- Project management diagrams are used according to their purpose: a Gantt chart for the schedule, a flowchart or an arrow diagram for the flow and order of tasks, an organization chart for the chain of command, and a RAM for roles and responsibilities. Judge by what the diagram is meant to manage, not by whether member names happen to be written on it.
用語