問15
頻出度★★★
対象業務の処理過程と情報の流れを表すために用いられる図表はどれか。
平成26年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問15
ストラテジ系システム戦略 › 業務プロセス
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 15
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア, DFD (Data Flow Diagram). A DFD depicts a target business operation using only four kinds of symbols: process (the processing), data store (where data is kept), external entity (the source and destination of data), and data flow (the movement of information). Arrows connect them to show which process receives what data, how it transforms the data, and where it passes the data next. In other words, it visualizes both the processing flow and the flow of information that the question asks about, so it is widely used in business analysis and requirements definition to grasp how the current operation works.
Incorrectイ
An E-R Diagram (entity-relationship diagram) represents the data handled by a business in terms of entities and relationships, modeling the data structure itself. It is used as the starting point of database design, but it only shows static relationships among data; it cannot express the order of processing or the process by which information flows.
Incorrectウ
A UML Class Diagram shows the attributes and operations of the classes that make up a system, together with static structure such as inheritance and associations between classes. It is used in object-oriented design, but it is likewise a structural diagram; its subject is not the dynamic flow of how business data passes through processes (in UML, activity diagrams or sequence diagrams are the ones that express flow).
Incorrectエ
A cause-and-effect diagram (also called a fishbone chart or Ishikawa diagram) is one of the seven QC tools. For a given characteristic (an effect), it organizes the possible causes as large and small bones in the shape of a fish skeleton. Its purpose is to identify causes in quality control; it does not represent the processing flow of a business operation or the flow of data.
ここがポイント
- DFD = a diagram that depicts a business operation with four symbols (process, data store, external entity, data flow) and expresses both the processing flow and the flow of information. It is the standard technique for visualizing current operations in business analysis and requirements definition.
- Telling similar diagrams apart: DFD expresses flow (dynamic), an E-R Diagram expresses data structure (static), a UML Class Diagram expresses class structure (static), and a cause-and-effect diagram organizes causes. Decide by whether the keyword in the question is flow, structure, or cause.
用語