問46
頻出度★★★
プロジェクトマネジメントでは, コスト, 時間, 品質などをマネジメントすることが求められる。プロジェクトマネジメントに関する記述のうち, 適切なものはどれか。
平成26年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問46
マネジメント系プロジェクトマネジメント › プロジェクトマネジメント
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 46
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. In project management, cost (budget), time (delivery deadline), and quality (the quality of the deliverables, including scope) are the three representative constraints, and they stand in a trade-off relationship with one another. For example, if you try to shorten the deadline, you either add staff and let cost swell, or cut testing and let quality drop. Conversely, if you try to raise quality, the workload grows and both cost and duration stretch out. Pursuing only one of them always sacrifices the others, so all three cannot be maximized at the same time. The project manager therefore assesses the situation the project is in (whether the deadline is absolute because of legal compliance, whether quality comes first because lives are at stake, or whether the budget ceiling is fixed), judges the priorities accordingly, agrees on them with the stakeholders, and then plans, executes, and monitors the project while keeping the three in balance. This statement — that priorities differ depending on the constraints, so the three must be balanced — is ア, and it states the basic idea of project management just as it is.
Incorrectイ
Cost, time, and quality are not independent; they influence one another in a trade-off relationship. Shortening the deadline means either adding staff and raising cost, or lowering quality; raising the quality standard increases both workload and expense. If you treat them as independent and do not balance them, keeping one constraint will break the others. The conclusion that “there is no need to balance them” denies the very premise of project management, so it is inappropriate.
Incorrectウ
Spending more does not necessarily raise quality, so the two are not always directly proportional. There are situations such as rework and redoing where cost rises but quality does not improve, and there are also cases where reviews and automation hold expense down while raising quality. Since the relationship is not fixed, the idea that watching only one of them also controls the other does not hold; and the statement is also inappropriate in that it ignores time, the third constraint.
Incorrectエ
Cost and time are not always inversely proportional. Adding staff raises expense, but the burden of training and communication also grows, so the schedule may even stretch out instead; conversely, once the duration is extended, labor costs and the like pile up and cost rises as well. Since the two are not linked by a simple inverse proportion, one cannot say that managing just one of them is enough; and the statement is also inappropriate in that it leaves quality out of the scope of management.
ここがポイント
- The three major constraints of a project (cost, time, quality) are in a trade-off relationship, and all three cannot be made best at the same time. Project management is the activity of judging the priorities among these three according to the situation and achieving the goal while keeping them in balance.
- Priorities change according to each project's constraints. What is tested here is that you agree with the stakeholders on whether the deadline, quality, or budget comes first, and then plan, monitor, and take corrective action in line with that policy. Any statement asserting that two elements are always directly or inversely proportional can be judged as wrong.
用語