問5
頻出度★★☆
KPIの説明として, 適切なものはどれか。
平成27年度 春期 ITパスポート試験 問5
This question's explanation and your answers so far.
解説
問 5
- ア
正解 The correct answer is ア. KPI (Key Performance Indicator) is translated in Japanese as “重要業績評価指標”, and it refers to a metric set up to quantitatively measure and evaluate whether the activities carried out toward a corporate goal or management goal are progressing as intended. For example, against the goal of “raise sales to 110% of last year”, you may set metrics such as “number of visits to new customers”, “number of inquiries on the website”, or “cancellation rate” as KPIs; by tracking those numbers daily and monthly, you can judge at an intermediate stage whether you are on pace to reach the final goal. The wording of ア, “an important metric set to measure the execution status of activities carried out to achieve corporate goals”, is exactly this definition of a KPI as a metric that measures the execution status of activities (processes), so it is appropriate. Note also that a metric expressing the final goal itself in numbers is called a KGI (Key Goal Indicator), and it is best learned as a pair with KPI.
Incorrectイ
“The most important factor for achieving the goals set in a management plan” is the description of a CSF (Critical Success Factor). A CSF is a key-to-success factor answering “what must we do well in order to reach the goal” (for example, short-lead-time delivery, or improving the repeat rate); it is not a metric itself. Normally you first identify the CSFs and then set KPIs as the yardstick that measures how far they have been achieved. This option confuses a factor with a metric, so it is wrong.
Incorrectウ
“The act of confirming that a management plan or business reform is being carried out in line with its goals and is producing the expected results” describes an evaluation activity itself, such as monitoring or a review — it states an act. A KPI is not an act, but the measuring scale (metric) used when performing that confirmation. The relationship is that you carry out monitoring by using KPIs, so the two are different concepts and this option is wrong.
Incorrectエ
“A technique that analyzes the value of a product or service in terms of the relationship between function and cost in order to improve its value” is the description of Value Engineering (VE). VE is an improvement technique based on the idea that “value = function ÷ cost”: it raises value by cutting cost while maintaining or improving function. It is a completely different concept from a KPI, which is a metric for measuring performance, so this option is wrong.
ここがポイント
- KPI (Key Performance Indicator) = an intermediate metric that measures the execution status of activities aimed at achieving a goal. Distinguish it from KGI (Key Goal Indicator), which expresses the degree of achievement of the final goal itself.
- Sorting out the confusing related terms: a CSF is the key “factor” for achieving a goal, a KPI is the “metric” that measures how far it has been achieved, monitoring is the “act of confirming” progress using metrics, and Value Engineering is a “technique” for raising value from function and cost.
用語